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Sociology 121 > Chapter 2: Deviance > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Deviance Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Deviance

A

Behavior that violates social norms but it not prohibited by law (budding line, cutting off a driver)

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2
Q

Deviance varies in 3 ways, how so!

A

The severity of public response

The perceived harmfulness

The degree of public agreement

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3
Q

Severity of public response

A

Public’s reaction to the act, ranging from minor disapproval to severe jail time

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4
Q

Perceived harmfulness

A

The amount of harm the perpetrator is thought to have created through the deviant act

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5
Q

Degree of public agreement

A

The extent to which the public agrees the act is deviant or criminal

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6
Q

Social construction states that when we _____________, we reinforce our common knowledge of ______ as well as our understanding of how _______ should be

A

Interact with others

Reality

Society

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7
Q

Our ideas about ________ are socially constructed. This means the norms we define as important are _________ and look different in other societies and cultures.

A

Deviance

Always changing

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8
Q

What we label as _____ changes when societies norms and values change

A

Deviant

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9
Q

Durkhiem believed that crime and deviance served a function for ________, as they affirmed cultural _____ and _______

A

Human societies

Values and norms

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10
Q

Durkheim argued that _____ and ______ will never go away or be eliminated as it’s an important part for society

A

Crime and Deviance

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11
Q

According to Durkheim, crime serves four main functions. What are they?

A

1) it affirms cultural values and norms (It teahces people the rules)
2) societies response to deviance and crime teach individuals what’s right and wrong
3) responding to deviance and crime unites societies
4) deviance and crime spur social change

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12
Q

Crimes take on two variables that depend on their severity. First is _____, which varies with time and location, second is ______ which are characteristics of crime that can change, taking different forms over time

A

How relative the crime is

How evolutive the crime is

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13
Q

Crime is _____________. There are no universally condemned acts, such as ____________________.

A

Socially defined

Killing in war vs killing in streets

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14
Q

Deviance involves the violation of _______,________, or _________. However these vary across societies and groups

A

Rules, regulations, or laws

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15
Q

Four major types of crime

A

Consensus crime

Conflict crime

Social deviations

Social diversions

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16
Q

Consensus crime

A

Activities that are generally considered very harmful

Strong support for prisons and controlling them

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17
Q

Conflict crimes

A

Activities that are not universally considered crimes, although they are legally defined as such

Abortion laws, Dr assisted suicide

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18
Q

Social deviations

A

Behaviours that are considered disreputable in certain social settings

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19
Q

Social diversions

A

Minor forms of deviance

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20
Q

Since crimes are __________ the rules can change. The distinction between _____ and ________ is thus ambiguous

A

Socially defined

Criminal and non criminal

21
Q

All groups have _____; society can not function without them. Most of the time, most of us conform to the ______ of our group

A

Rules

Norms

22
Q

Informal rules, aka ______, govern much of our conduct

A

Folkways

23
Q

Some informal rules become more formal regulations or ____. This is called ________

A

Laws

Legalization

24
Q

Why people are deviant?

Some individual level explanations focus on the deviant or criminals ________ or even ________

A

Character

Biology

25
Q

Strain theory

A

When an individuals goal and opportunities for success do not match, then they turn to deviant or criminal behavior

(No money to go to school, even after saving up, teen robs bank to afford it)

26
Q

Subcultural theory

A

Focusses on the role of culture in explaining criminal and deviant behavior in human societies (Black people ‘defending my brother”

27
Q

Learning theory is an extension of _____ and ______ theories. Basically, different environments provide opportunities to learn __________________________

A

Strain and subcultural

How to engage in deviance and crime (Best place to learn how to be a criminal is in prison)

28
Q

If people interact with and are exploded to criminals, they learn to engage in _____________

A

Criminal behaviours

29
Q

Control theory

A

Weak social control in society may lead individuals to commit criminal or deviant acts

Individuals might have weak beliefs in traditional values or lack employment or educational activities

Basically they have nothing stopping them from committing crimes

30
Q

Labelling theory

A

Stigmatization or labeling that takes place at status degradation ceremonies

In easy terms, having a court say you’re a murderer is down grading and puts the label on you that you’re bad

31
Q

(Part of labelling theory)

Primary deviation

A

The offender commits deviant acts Infrequently, is never caught

32
Q

Secondary deviation

A

Perp is caught and labelled as deviant

Deviance becomes a way of life

33
Q

Social explanations generally advocate for ____________ and _____________

A

Rehabilitative punishments and crime prevention

34
Q

Punishment

A

Penalty inflicted on someone for committing a transgression or a criminal nature

Usually results in the denial of certain privileges, abilities, or rights

Drink driving? No access to USA

35
Q

Functions of punishment in human societies

A 
Retribution
Deterrence 
Rehabilitation 
Parole
Probation
36
Q

Retribution

A

Punishment should be comparable to the suffering caused by crime (eye for an eye)

Murder someone? Death penalty for you

37
Q

Deterrence

A

Process of convincing individuals to not commit crimes again or commit them in the first place

If you rape someone you will get 25 years

38
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Trying to heal or reform a criminal as opposed to solely punishing them

39
Q

Parole

A

Early release of a prisoner for things such as good behavior

40
Q

Probation

A

Releasing a prisoner into the community under certain conditions

41
Q

Crime rates

A

Offences described in the Canadian criminal code that are typically a starting point for measurement of crime in Canada

42
Q

Crime static’s issues:

A

Accounts only crimes known to police

Only shows the worst crime they committed (break in and entry than rape, only rape shows)

Majority of crimes aren’t accounted in stats as they are not reported

43
Q

Uniform crime report

A

Crime startistcs available to the public

44
Q

Dark figure of crime

A

Amount of crime not reported to the police and therefore, not reflected in the UCR (roughly 2/3 of crime)

45
Q

lesser crimes

A

Crimes such as speeding or petty theft

46
Q

______ people commit more crimes

A

Younger

47
Q

_____ commit more crimes then _____< although Crime by _____ is going down and crime by _____ is going up

A

men, women

men, women

48
Q

_______ and ________ are especially seen in prison

A

Aboriginals and blacks

Sociology 121 (10 decks)

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