Chapter 4 Formative Assessment

Question 1

Which of the following learning outcomes of an effective training is concerned with names or labels, facts, and bodies of knowledge?

Answer 1

verbal information

Question 2

Which of the following theories of learning emphasizes that individuals are motivated to perform or avoid certain behaviors because of past outcomes that have resulted from those behaviors?

Answer 2

the reinforcement theory

Question 3

True or false: Managers should avoid using learning benefits to reinforce employee behavior.

Answer 3

false

Question 4

Social learning theory holds that _____

Answer 4

individuals learn by observing the behavior of their role models

Question 5

In the context of transfer of training, the process of trainees continuing to use what they learned over time is known as _____

Answer 5

maintenance

Question 6

In the context of transfer of training, the process of trainees continuing to use what they learned over time is known as _____

Answer 6

extinction

Question 7

In the context of employee training, _____ emphasizes that trainers should identify outcomes that learners find most positive (and negative) and then should link the outcomes to acquiring knowledge, skills, or changing behaviors of the learners.

Answer 7

reinforcement theory

Question 8

Identify the theory which suggests that individuals learn new behaviors or skills either by experiencing the outcomes of their own behavior or by observing the outcomes of others’ behavior.

Answer 8

Social learning theory

Question 9

In the context of reinforcement theory, the process of withdrawing positive or negative reinforcers to eliminate a behavior is known as _____

Answer 9

extinction

Question 10

According to goal setting theory, identify an accurate statement about goals.

Answer 10

Goals affect individuals’ behavior and motivate them to develop strategies for the attainment of goals.

Question 11

_____ _____ refers to the goals held by a trainee in a learning situation.

Answer 11

goal orientation

Question 12

Which of the following is true of the differences between Abraham Maslow’s and Clayton Alderfer’s need theories?

Answer 12

Unlike Maslow, Alderfer believed that individuals tend to refocus on lower-level needs if higher-level needs are not satisfied.

Question 13

Which of the following learning theories suggests that learning and transfer of training are enhanced when they are linked to outcomes and that learning is most likely to occur when employees believe that they can learn the content of a program?

Answer 13

Expectancy theory

Question 14

In the context of training program design, goal setting theory suggests that:

Answer 14

specific challenging goals should be provided to facilitate learning among trainees.

Question 15

True or false: In comparison to learners with a performance orientation, learners with a high learning orientation will direct greater attention to a task.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

From a training perspective, what do need theories suggest to motivate learning among trainees?

Answer 16

Trainers should relate the content of the training program with trainees’ needs.

Question 17

The theory of adult learning is known as _____

Answer 17

andragogy

Question 18

Identify the needs emphasized by David McClelland’s need theory.

Answer 18

• Need for affiliation
• Need for achievement
• Need for power

Question 19

Identify an accurate statement about the information processing theory of learning.

Answer 19

It suggests that information received by a learner goes through several transformations in the human brain.

Question 20

The theory that suggests that individuals’ conscious objectives and intentions lead to a desired behavior is _____ theory.

Answer 20

goal setting

Question 21

Identify an assumption of Malcolm Knowles’s model of adult learning.

Answer 21

Adults need to know the reasons behind learning something.

Question 22

Which of the following theories suggests that transfer of training is easy when the training environment and the job environment are similar?

Answer 22

The theory of identical elements

Question 23

Identify the situations when transfer of training is more likely to be easy.

Answer 23

When tasks included in a training are similar to the work environment

Question 24

Which of the following theories is relevant to ensure the occurrence of near transfer of training?

Answer 24

Identical elements theory

Question 25

Trainees' ability to apply general principles learned in training to the work situation even though the work situation is not identical to that of the training session is known as _____ _____

Answer 25

far transfer

Question 26

According to the information processing model, which of the following external events influence an individual's learning?

Answer 26

- Variations in the frequency or intensity of a stimulus that affect attention - Letting the learner know the objectives to establish an expectation

Question 27

Winlife Hospital plans to train its emergency medical professionals to handle road accident cases. It decides to use the identical elements theory in its training. The training would involve _____

Answer 27

a simulation of the road accident scenario

Question 28

True or false: According to the cognitive theory of transfer, the probability of transfer is increased by providing trainees with meaningful material that improves the chances that they will connect what they encounter in the work environment to the learned capability.

Answer 28

true

Question 29

The ability of trainees to apply learned capabilities exactly to the work environment is known as _____

Answer 29

near transfer

Question 30

According to the stimulus generalization approach, transfer of training occurs when training focuses on _____

Answer 30

the most important features of a task

Question 31

Identify the learning theory that is the basis for the cognitive theory of transfer.

Answer 31

Information processing theory

Question 32

Among the following learning strategies, which is the most appropriate for skill application?

Answer 32

elaboration

Question 33

Which of the following learning processes most likely includes factors such as readiness for training and an ability to interpret the purpose of the instruction?

Answer 33

Expectancy

Question 34

Which of the following is the simplest learning strategy that influences how training content is coded?

Answer 34

Rehearsal

Question 35

True or false: Instruction is not essential for transfer of training.

Answer 35

false

Question 36

Which of the following stages of learning is most likely related to the implementation of ideas that provides feedback as to the effectiveness of the ideas so the learner can view the results and begin the learning process over again?

Answer 36

Active experimentation

Question 37

Identify an accurate statement about the objectives of training programs that facilitate learning among employees.

Answer 37

They help identify the types of training outcomes that are measured to determine the effectiveness of a program.

Question 38

_____ refers to the manipulation of the environment by a trainer to facilitate learning among trainees.

Answer 38

instruction

Question 39

Which of the following components of a training objective is most likely to relate to a statement of the agreements according to which a trainee is expected to perform a desired outcome?

Answer 39

conditions

Question 40

The purpose and expected outcome of training activities is known as the _____

Answer 40

objective

Question 41

When are employees most likely to learn from a training program?

Answer 41

When the training is related to their current work experiences and tasks

Question 42

Identify an accurate statement about practice that contributes to trainees' learning.

Answer 42

It requires employees to demonstrate the learned capability based on training objectives.

Question 43

In a training environment, employees are most likely to learn when the _____ _____, the physical, intellectual, and emotional environment in which training occurs, is similar to the work environment.

Answer 43

training context

Question 44

The mental or physical rehearsal of a task, knowledge, or skill to achieve proficiency in performing the task or skill or demonstrating the knowledge is called _____

Answer 44

practice

Question 45

Identify an accurate statement about error management training.

Answer 45

It facilitates transfer of training.

Question 46

What can trainers do to enhance trainees' motivation to learn before practice?

Answer 46

- Inform trainees about the process or strategy that will result in the greatest learning - Provide advance organizers to help trainees organize the information that will be presented and practiced

Question 47

Conditions in which trainees practice a task without resting are known as _____ conditions.

Answer 47

massed practice

Question 48

True or false. Microlearning cannot be used to supplement formal training or to create just-in-time learning content.

Answer 48

false

Question 49

Which of the following provides information about how well trainees are fulfilling the objectives of the training?

Answer 49

Feedback

Question 50

True or false: It is recommended to incorporate either whole or part practice in a training session.

Answer 50

false

Question 51

Which of the following forms of instructional interactions includes reading content in books or on the Internet, performing activities that involve tool or object manipulation, and developing content on the basis of learned information?

Answer 51

Learner-content interaction

Question 52

_____ is a way to help employees commit training content to memory and involves having the employees spend a short amount of time, such as 15 minutes, reviewing and writing about what they learned and how they performed.

Answer 52

reflection

Question 53

Which of the following statements is true about communities of practice (COPs)?

Answer 53

They hold that learning occurs because of social interaction on the job.

Question 54

_____ refers to training that is delivered in small pieces designed to engage trainees, motivate them to learn, and help facilitate retention.

Answer 54

microlearning

Question 55

Feedback in a training program should _____

Answer 55

emphasize specific behaviors of trainees