chapter 4 - emotions and moods Flashcards
affect
is a term used to describe a broad range of feelings that people experience, including emotions and moods. Encompasses emotions and moods.
Varies by its valence or the degree to which the feelings are positive or negative
emotions (on exam)
are intense, discrete and short-lived often caused by a specific event
More likely to be caused by a specific event and are more fleeting than moods
moods (on exam)
are longer-lived and less intense feelings than emotions. Often arise without a specific event acting as a stimulus.
positive vs negative affect (on exam)
Positive affect (PA) is an affective dimension that consists of specific positive emotions such as excitement, enthusiasm and elation at the high end.
Joy and gratitude. Express a favorable evaluation or feeling
Negative affect (NA) is a dimension consisting of nervousness, stress and anxiety at the high end (high negative affect)
Anger and guilt express an unfavorable evaluation or feeling
affective circumplex STUDY ACTUAL IMAGE (on exam)
categorizes and arranges emotions by their degree of positivity and negativity.
Solid black lines directly correspond with PA and NA
Elated is a high positive affect emotion
Bored is a low positive affect emotion
Nervous is a high negative affect emotion
Relaxed is a low negative affect emotion
Some emotions are in between (dotted) simultaneously high or low in PA or NA
Emotions cannot be neutral (nonemotional)
six universal emotions
anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust and surprise
Some emotions are too complex to be easily represented on our faces
moral emotions
are emotions that have moral implications because of our instant judgment of the situation that evokes them
tied to interpretations of the events that evoke them
positivity offset
is the tency of most individuals to experience a mildly positive mood at zero input (when nothing in particular is going on).
affect (affect intensity) depends on
the time of day (positive rises in the morning and declines in the evening)
day of the week (lowest positive on mondays and highest negative on monday)
weather has little effect on mood
stress
social interactions
sleep
exercise
gender identity has little effect on mood
emotional labor (on exam)
which is an employee’s organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work
Emotional labor is a key component of effective job performance
We expect flight attendants to be cheerful and funeral directors to be sad
Doctors to be emotionally neutral
felt vs. displayed emotions (on exam)
Felt emotions are our actual emotions
Displayed emotions are those emotions that the organization requires workers to show and considers appropriate in each job
Many workplaces have explicit display rules
surface vs. deep acting (on exam)
Surface acting: is hiding feelings and emotional expressions in response to display rules
- hide feelings
- A worker who smiles even when they do not feel like its surface acting
- Displayed emotions
Deep acting: is trying to modify our true feelings based on display rules
- change feelings
- Felt emotions
emotional dissonance
is inconsistencies between the emotions people feel and the emotions they project
affective events theory (aet) (on exam)
proposes that employees react emotionally to things that happen to them at work, these reactions influence their job performance and satisfaction. Influence workplace attitudes and behaviors.
- Emotions provide valuable insights into how workplace events influence employees performance and satisfaction
- Employees and managers should not ignore emotions or the events that cause them, even when they appear minor because they accumulate
emotional intelligence (ei) (on exam)
is a person’s ability to (1) perceive emotions in oneself and others (2) understand the meaning of these emotions and (3) regulate one’s own emotions accordingly.
employers value EI as it is a skill that can be learned and improves job attitudes
When you have a high EI you are more in tune with your emotions, stay calm under pressure, resolve conflict more effectively, be empathetic with coworkers and team members and effectively regulate their emotions
EI plays an important role in predicting job attitudes and facilitating academic and job performance
emotion regulation
is the process of identifying and modifying felt emotions
Strong predictor of task performance for some jobs and for OCB
When and how emotion regulation is used in the workplace
High in neuroticism: moods are beyond their ability to control
Low levels of self esteem: less likely to try to improve sad moods
emotional supression
is suppressing initial emotional responses to situations
Practical thinking in the short term but ineffective with expressing one’s emotions
cognitive reappraisal
is the reframing of our outlook on an emotional situation, is one way to regulate emotions effectively
Most helpful to individuals in situations where they cannot control the sources of stress
Reframing
social sharing or venting
which is an open expression of emotions that can help individuals ro regulate their emotions as opposed to keeping emotions bottled up
Listeners must respond for it to work
apply concepts about emotions and moods to specific ob issues: decision making (on exam)
Mood and emotions have effects on decision making that employees and managers should understand
Positive emotions and moods seem to help people make sound decisions
Positive emotions also enhance problem-solving skills so positive people find better solutions
People who are saddened by events may make the same decision as before
People who are angered by events may make stronger choice than before (not necessarily better)
People who are in a negative mood may take higher risks than they do when ina positive mood
Negative and positive emotions affect decision making but there are other variables
apply concepts about emotions and moods to specific ob issues: negotiation, leadership and creativity (on exam)
negotiation
- anger in negotiation (to use or not to use)
leadership
- leaders are perceived as more effective when they share positive emotions and followers are more creative in a positive emotional environment
creativity
- Creativity is influenced by emotions and moods
People experiencing positive moods or emotions are more flexible and open in their thinking which is why they are more creative
apply concepts about emotions and moods to specific ob issues: CUSTOMER SERVICE AND EMOTIONAL CONTAGION (on exam)
Emotional contagion is the process by which peoples’ emotions are caused by the emotions of others
The catching of emotions from others
research finds that customers who catch the positive moods or emotions of employees (if they believe they are appropriate and authentic) become more satisfied and loyal to the organization, trust the organization to a greater degree, and even shop longer.
