Chapter 4- ECG Flashcards

1
Q

***Hexaxial (Limb) Leads look into what plane? ______Triangle, include leads ____ , ___ and _____These leads are

A

look in frontal plane) – Einthoven’s triangle – Leads I, II, III Bipolar pos and neg poles

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2
Q

*****aVR, aVL, aVF • Unipolar What does the letter stands for?

A

• aV = “augmented voltage” • R = Right arm • L = Left arm • F = Foot

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3
Q

****Precordial Leads look into what plane? what are the leads?

A

look in transverse plane – v1 through v6

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4
Q

***Lead II

A

Conduction system pointing toward lead II

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5
Q

**** I, aVL: lateral

A

Lateral

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6
Q

**** II, III, aVF:

A

inferior

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7
Q

**** aVR:

A

superiomedial

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8
Q

What are the precordial leads

A

V1-V6

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9
Q

****Anterol septal looks at

A

V1, V2

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10
Q

*****Antero apical

A

V3, V4

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11
Q

*****Anterolateral

A

I, aVL, V5, V6

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12
Q

*****Interior

A

II, III, aVF

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13
Q

****Anteroseptal wall infarct include

A

V1-V4

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14
Q

*****Lateral wall infarct include

A

I, avL, V5, V6

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15
Q

*****Inferior wall Infarct include

A

II, III

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16
Q

QRS axis should be between _____to ______

A

-30 to +90, represents average direction of ventricular depolarization in frontal plane based on leads I and II

17
Q

________represents abnormality

A

Deviation

18
Q

***Right axis deviation ***Left axis deviation

A

> +90 degrees

19
Q

***Causes of left axis deviation (ILLeftANL)

A

Inferior wall MI Left anterior fascicular block LVH

20
Q

****Causes of Right axis deviation (RAleftPo)

A

RVH Acute R heart strain Left posterior fascicular block

21
Q

****How to determine MEAN QRS AXIS ? The more perpendicular the axis is to a lead,

A

****the more isoelectric the QRS complex will be

22
Q

P wave abnormalities (ATRIAL ENLARGEMENT)

A

Best seen in Lead II & V1

23
Q

P wave abnormalities *****Lead II views which axis ? what plane ATRIAL ENLARGEMENT in _____leads what plane?

A

RA depol. almost immediately followed by LA depol. Both superimposed. Perpendicular axis FRONTAL V1 Transverse

24
Q

STEP to find Axis deviation

A
  1. FIND ISOMETRIC LEAD 2. FIND LEADS PERPENDICULAR TO ISOMETRIC LEAD
25
Q

***Best to look for atrial abnormalities

A

Lead II and V1

26
Q

***Ventricular abnormalities best seen in ___and ____

A

V1 and V6

27
Q

**** Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

A

RIGHT AXIS DEVIATION Wide R in V1 Deep S in V6

28
Q

*****LEFT Ventricular hypertrophy

A

LEFT AXIS DEVIATION Right axis deviation Deep S in V1 Tall R in V6

29
Q

***BBB best seen in ____and ______ .

A

V1 and V6

30
Q

****RBBB in ______ you will see ____ “______”

A

V1; RSR’; RABBIT EARS V6 prominent S with late R depolarization

31
Q

***LBBB in ______ you will see ______

A

V1; prominent S V6 notched R (similar to rabbit ear)

32
Q

***ST elevation is

A

First sign of MI STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction

33
Q

****Pathologic Q waves Develop where? They are _____ Occur in ______ Do NOT INDICATE _____

A

In leads overlying infarcted tissue Permanent evidence of MI Groups of leads When injury occurred, could be acute or years ago

34
Q

***Explain pathological Q waves

A

Dead infarcted tissue under lead has no electrical activity and act as a window for lead to see opposite side of the heart depolarizing away from lead causing downward deflecting pathological Q wave

35
Q

LA or RA enlargement

A

RA enlargement

36
Q

LA vs RA enlargement

A

LA enlargement