Chapter 4 - Developmental Pathway Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental pathway

A

mapped out plan of your life course

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2
Q

Stages in the developmental pathway

A

Infancy, childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, adulthood, senescence

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3
Q

Cumulative risk model

A

Assesses the risk factors and harmful environmental influences that can highten the risk of maladaptive development

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4
Q

Developmental cascade model

A

Explores risk factors from early experiences to see the outcome

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5
Q

Pattersons Coercion Theory

A

Theory that explains relationship cycle of ineffective parenting and child behavior - try to change the others behavior through coerciveness

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6
Q

Patterson’s Cycle

A

1) Ineffective parenting - divorce, lack of stability
2) Child engages in coercive behavior - acts out
3) Parent reinforces - tries to control behavior
4) Coercive behavior used outside home - child acts out in school
5) Coercive child rejected by non-coercive peers
6) Child associates with coercive peers

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7
Q

Early onset

A

Begins in preschool and has higher chances of criminal behavior

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8
Q

Late onset

A

Begins 10-19 has lower chance of constant criminal behavior

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9
Q

Life course persistent

A

Early onset

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10
Q

Adolescent limited

A

Late onset

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11
Q

Steinberg’s dual system model

A

Cognitive path and socioemotional path

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12
Q

Cognitive path

A

Peaks at 16 - reasonable thinking, planing, decision making

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13
Q

Socioemotional path

A

Peaks at 25 - social and emotional processing (wanting to be accepted by peers)

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14
Q

Age-graded theory

A

Idea that different events in life can increase or decrease likelihood of crime based on age

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15
Q

Age-graded theory

A

1) Informal social control
2) Age-graded
3) Structural turning points

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16
Q

Informal social controls

A

prosocial attachment (responsible for community)

17
Q

Structural turning points

A

big event that will make you avoid crime (parenthood)

18
Q

Risk factors

A

1) Social environments - Poverty, peer rejection
2) Family - parenting styles
3) Psychological - lack of empathy or attachment
4) Externalizing disorders - ADHD, CD, ODD

19
Q

Poverty

A

Poor children don’t usually commit crimes but are victimized due to living conditions

20
Q

How does academic failure relate to criminal behavior

A

Odds of delinquency double with early academic failure, dropping our increases chances os arrest by 350%

21
Q

Parental styles

A

The way a parent interacts with their child

22
Q

Parental responsiveness

A

How a parent responds to the need of their child

23
Q

Parental demandingness

A

Expectations parents have of their children

24
Q

Authoritarian Style

A

wants to shape and control child’s life - many rules and expects obedience

25
Q

Permissive style

A

no control, few restrictions, low monitoring - leads to poor school performance

26
Q

Authoritative

A

Rational, applies restrictions (ve = love)

27
Q

Neglecting style

A

detached and unengaged - no involvement in child’s life

28
Q

Parental monitoring

A

How aware a parent is of their child’s life and activities
Important during adolescence
Monitored youth are less likely to engage in delinquent behavior

29
Q

Affective empathy

A

Ability to experience other’s emotions

30
Q

Cognitive empathy

A

Understanding someone’s emotions and pov

31
Q

Which parenting style has the highest risk factor?

A

Neglect

32
Q

Temperament

A

The natural mood of a child - determined by parental nurturing

33
Q

Which disorder is mostly seen in criminal behavior?

A

ADHD

34
Q

ODD

A

Problems with self control and aggression

35
Q

CD

A

Misperceive intentions - violates rights of others

36
Q

CD - Early onset

A

Behavioral problems increase in severity

37
Q

CD - Late onset

A

Matures out of violent behavior