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Crim 103 > Chapter 3 - Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Genotype

A

genetic makeup of an organism

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2
Q

phenotype

A

physical and behavioral expression of the genotype

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3
Q

somatotype

A

category people are assigned to based on body type

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4
Q

ectomorphic

A

skinny and weak - intelligent, introverted, ancious, self0conscious

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5
Q

mesomorphic

A

even weight distribution - competitive, extroverted, tough

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6
Q

endomorphic

A

fat and short - outgoing, friendly, lazy and selfish

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7
Q

how can attractiveness effect views on crime?

A

makes you seem more trustworthy. less likely to be punished

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8
Q

neuropsychology

A

study of the brain

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9
Q

Fore brain

A

governs complex functions

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10
Q

cerebrum

A

contributes to human qualities

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11
Q

corprus callosum

A

connects hemispheres

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12
Q

limbic system

A

emotional drives

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13
Q

frontal lobe

A

sensory info, high order thinking

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14
Q

parietal lobe

A

processes senses

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15
Q

temporal

A

language and speech

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16
Q

occipital

A

vision

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17
Q

What does organic brain syndrome decrease?

A

mental functioning

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18
Q

what can traumatic brain injury (tbi) cause

A

anxiety, depression, impulsive or reactive violence

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19
Q

what is a major cause of brain injury in youth?

A

child abuse

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20
Q

Which brain part plays a role in aggression

A

Prefrontal cortex, temporal dysfunction

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21
Q

amygdala

A

fight or flight response

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22
Q

temporal lobe injuries

A

impacts limbic system and leads to misinterpretation on environmental cues

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23
Q

dopamine

A

rewards system, high levels can lead to aggression, triggers defensive responses

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24
Q

norepinephrine

A

fight or flight, high in aggressive/dominating people

25
Q

Behavioral Activation System (BAS)

A

Activates behavior in response to reward
Overactivity = impulsive behavior
Dopamine system

26
Q

Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)

A

Inhibits behavior in response to fear, punishment
Underactivity = impulsive behavior
Serotonin system

27
Q

Behavior related to testosterone

A

competitiveness, aggression, risk-taking

28
Q

infanticide

A

killing a child under the age of 1

29
Q

Postpartum blues

A

Mood swings, irritability, crying

30
Q

Post partum depression

A

Fatigue, suicidal thoughts, loos of interest

31
Q

Post partum psychosis

A

Mania and depression - 20-40% commit infanticide

32
Q

What is cortisol

A

stress hormone released when under stress

33
Q

high levels of cortisol

A

psychological stress, social avoidance

34
Q

low levels of cortisol

A

relaxation, submission, low levels of aggression

35
Q

chronic low levels - cortisol

A

no fear of punishment

36
Q

autonomic arousal theory of crime

A

offenders show low levels

37
Q

Charles Whitman

A

Veteran that open fired due to brain tumour

38
Q

Executive control functions

A

high-order cognitive skills - decision making, planning, predicting

39
Q

Frontal lobe dysfunction

A

cannot anticipate consequence, cannot adapt, overact to minor provocations

40
Q

Hormones

A

regulates growth and sexual development

41
Q

High heart rate

A

anxiety and fearful temperament

41
Q

Skin conductance

A

changes of electrical activity in skin - more sweat, goosebumps

42
Q

low heart rate

A

low levels of fear

43
Q

causes of low heart rate

A

lack of stimulation, under-arousal, reduced fear in childhood

44
Q

environmental risk factors

A

neurotoxins, prenatal nutrition, prenatal alcohol or smoking, birth complications

45
Q

prenatal

A

inside the womb

46
Q

perinatal

A

at time of birth

47
Q

postnatal

A

after birth

48
Q

teratogen

A

substance that causes birth defects such as alcohol

49
Q

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) effects

A

lower iq, likely to be incarcerated, cognitive disabilities

50
Q

maternal smoking

A

affects dopamine and serotonin systems, ADHD and CD risks

51
Q

why might maternal smoking occur

A

lack of concern for fetus, unable to quit due to addiction (could be genetic as well)

52
Q

Minor physical anomalies

A

small defects that result from fetal maldevelopment - seen in schizophrenia

53
Q

neurotoxins

A

exposure to toxic materials in environment

54
Q

lead

A

reduces lobe matter and brain volume - connects to psychopathy

55
Q

Who is most affected by lead

A

children - they absorb it 5 times as much

56
Q

cadmium

A

learning difficulties - violent behavior. caused from prenatal smoking

57
Q

manganese

A

prenatal exposure and infant feeding - affects developing nervous system

58
Q

mercury

A

dietary exposure, linked to antisocial behavior

Crim 103 (12 decks)

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