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Crim 103 > Chapter 2 - Genetics > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Behavioral genetics

A

what is heritable

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2
Q

molecular genetics

A

what genes are involved in heritable behavior

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3
Q

Evolutionaly psych

A

how natural selection shapes mental processes

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4
Q

determinism

A

biological traits determine your future - no free will

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5
Q

franz gall

A

shape of skull determins mental attributes

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6
Q

atavisms

A

specific physical features are found in criminals - strong jawline, thick hair, big lips

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7
Q

francis galton

A

anything is heritable including social status

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8
Q

chromosome

A

contains dna

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9
Q

dna

A

coiled strand with genes - blueprint of life

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10
Q

gene

A

ccontains characteristics

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11
Q

polymorphism

A

gene in more than one form

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12
Q

allele

A

alternative gene

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13
Q

polygenic

A

trait under influence of gene

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14
Q

jukes family

A

family with many convictions

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15
Q

monozygotic

A

one egg - 100% shared dna and environment

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16
Q

dizygotic

A

two eggs - shared environment half shared dna

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17
Q

concordance

A

how likely the other pair (twin) is to commit crime if one of them does

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18
Q

which twins have higher concordance

A

monozygotic

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19
Q

problems with twin studies

A

determining zygosity, assumptions of similar environments, sample size and bias

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20
Q

Adoption studies

A

biology can be overruled with right environment

21
Q

problems with adoption studies

A

parents are screened for good environment, not always adopted straight after birth

22
Q

Heritability studies

A

are there genetic components and how strong are the influence?

23
Q

Molecular genetics

A

Which genes and how many are involved

24
Q

MAO Enzyme

A

breaks down neurotransmitter

25
Q

MAOA-L

A

Warrior gene

26
Q

diathesis

A

being genetically vulnerable to develop psychopathological condition (can be overruled by good environment)

27
Q

differential susceptibility model

A

vulnerability to good or bad environments

28
Q

epigenetics

A

changing genes without altering code (through diet or dominant genes from partner)

29
Q

natural selection

A

species keep abilities that help them survive and shed others

30
Q

constraints of natural selection

A

only works on existing traits

31
Q

conditions of natural selection

A

variation must be heritable and able to reproduce

32
Q

selfishness

A

increasing own survivability at the cost of someone else

33
Q

altruism

A

helping those with no benefit

34
Q

inclusive fitness

A

helping others to increase own chances

35
Q

reciprocal cooperation

A

helping others expecting something back

36
Q

cheating

A

taking favours without returning

37
Q

how is cheating frequency dependant

A

won’t work if everyone cheats

38
Q

infanticide

A

killing an infant under the age of 1

39
Q

siblicide

A

killing a sibling

40
Q

r-strategists

A

high production no parental involvement

41
Q

k-strategists

A

few offspring high parental involvement

42
Q

cinderella effect

A

risk of abuse is higher with non-biological parent

43
Q

interpersonal violence

A

violence done towards someone you are in relation with

44
Q

monogamy advantage for male

A

increase child survival, improve own status

45
Q

monogamy advantage for female

A

protection or children, supply of resources, raising offspring

46
Q

intrasexual competition

A

males competing with one another to get mates and resources

47
Q

when do women commit crimes

A

out of necessity

48
Q

age crime curve

A

low rate in childhood, higher in males when seeking mate, decline at parenthood (out of need)

Crim 103 (12 decks)

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