Chapter 10 - Substance Use Flashcards
Psychopharmacology
Study of the effect of drugs on behavior and emotion
Licit drugs
legal psychoactive drugs (nicotine, caffeine, alcohol)
Substance use
drug use at a level that doesn’t impair functioning
Psychoactive drugs
changes CNS and cognition
Illicit drugs
Illegal psychoactive drugs (heroin, cocaine)
Physical dependance
drug becomes necessary for regular functioning
Psychological dependance
need for the drug to relieve emotional distress
Addict
someone who is psychologically and physically dependant on the substance
Tolerance
body is used to drug and needs higher dosage for same effect
withdrawal
symptoms that occur after the addict stops intake
Substance use disorder
pattern of drug use the becomes physical and psychological dependance
drug-related factors
type of drug - size of dose
person-related factor
pharmacological and psychological characteristics
How does social learning theory explain substance use?
peer pressured into drugs
How does operant conditioning explain substance use?
someone wants the rewards that come from drugs
How does classical conditioning explain substance use?
explains dependency on good feelings
Expectancy theory
suggests someone will behave in a way because they are motivated on what they expect the result to be
Reward Drive
motivation to do something that will bring us reward
Rash impulsiveness
stopping addictive behavior after seeing negative impacts
How do adolescents react to substance abuse
impacts them more - many start at 18 and find it difficult to quit - higher chance of relapse
Goldstein’s tripartite model
psychopharmacological crime, systematic crime, economically compulsive crime
Systematic crime
crime from drug trafficking
Psychopharmacological crime
certain drugs cause violent behavior
Economically compulsive crime
crimes to support addiction (stealing money for drugs)
Marijuana
More violent when high
PCP
most dangerous illicit drug
Methamphetamines
Changes brain structure
Cocaine
violent or paranoid behavior
Narcotics
Sleep inducing and pain relieving
Heroin
not very violent
Synthetic opiates
Prescription drugs - OxyCotin and Vicodin
Ketamine
Date rape drug - alleviates depression
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate
induces sleep
Rohypnol
Roofie drug
Alcohol
Most influential of violence
Expectancy theory
Behavior when drunk reflects their personal beliefs
Deviance-disavowal
believing that substance abuse is related to rejected social norms
Disinhibition theories
alcohol weakens self control
Selective disinhibition
alcohol increases violence as there are no barriers for control when drunk
