Chapter 4 Definitions Flashcards
antagonistic
in the opposite direction of movement (eg, the antagonistic motion of extension is flexion)
musculotendinous unit
the group formed by a muscle and its tendons
eccentric muscle contraction
a contraction in which the elongation of the muscle is voluntarily controleld. Lowering a weight is an example of an eccentric contraction.
etiology
the cause of a disease (also the study of the causes of disease)
hematoma
a collection of clotted blood within a confined space (hemat blood; oma tumor)
aspirate
the removal of fluid from the body using a needle and syringe
stem cell
generic cell types that can develop into specialized cells
osteoblasts
cells responsible for the formation of new bone
staphylococcal infection
an infection caused by staphylococcus bacteria
extracapsular
outside of the joint capsule
synovial membrane
the membrane lining a fluid-filled joint
furuncles
a boil characterized by redness, leakage of pus, and necrosis of the involved tissue
antalgic
having a pain-relieving quality; analgesic
sepsis
infection
hyaline cartilage
cartilage located on the articular surface of bones, especially suited to withstand compressive and shearing forces
ischemia
local and temporary deficiency of blood supply caused by the obstruction of blood flow to a body area
mosiacplasty
a procedure used to encourage the growth of articular cartilage where small holes are bored into the epiphysis
arthralgia
painful joints
axial load
a force applied through the long axis of a bone or series of bones
long bone
a bone possessing a base, shaft,a nd head
contracture
a pathological shortening of tissues causing a decrease in available motion
growth plates
the area of bone growth in skeletally immature individuals; the epiphyseal plate
avascular necrosis
death of cells secondary to lack of an adequate blood supply
diaphysis
the shaft of a long bone
epiphyseal line
the area of growth found between the diaphysis and epiphysis in immature long bones
amenorrheic (ammenorrhea)
the absence of menstruation
neurapraxia
a stretch injury to a nerve resulting in transient symptoms of paraesthesia and weakness
epineurium
connective tissue containing blood vessels surrounding the trunk of a nerve, binding it together
myelin sheath
a fatty-based lining of the axon of myelinated nerve fibers
wallerian degeneration
degeneration of a nerve’s axon that has been severed from the body of the nerve
neurotmesis
complete loss of nerve function with little apparent anatomic damage to the nerve itself
graft
an organ or tissue used for transplantation. An allograft is a donor tissue transplanted fromt he same species. An autograft tissue is transplanted from within the same individual
dystrophy
the progressive deterioration of tissue
vasomotor
pertraining to nerves controlling the muscles within the walls of blood vessels
trophic
pertaining to efferent nerves controlling the nourishment of the area they innervate
raynaud’s phenomenon
a reaction to cold consisting of bouts of pallor and cyanosis, causing exaggerated vasomotor responses
vasoconstriction
a decrease in a vessel’s diameter
vasodilation
an increase in a vessel’s diameter
hyperhydrosis
excessive or profuse sweating
