Chapter 1 Definitions

Question 1

triage

Answer 1

the process of determining the priority of treatment

Question 2

sign

Answer 2

an observable condition that indicates the existence of a disease or injury

Question 3

disposition

Answer 3

the immediate and long-term managment of an injury or illness

Question 4

objective data

Answer 4

finite measures that are readily reproducible regardless of the individual collecting the information

Question 5

muscle guarding

Answer 5

voluntarily or involuntarily assuming a posture to protect an injury body area, often through muscular spasm

Question 6

catastrophic

Answer 6

an injury that causes permanent disability or death

Question 7

congenital

Answer 7

a condition esisting at or before birth

Question 8

syncope

Answer 8

fainting caused by a transient loss of oxygen supply to the brain

Question 9

sudden death

Answer 9

unexpected and iinstantaneous death occuring within 1 hour of the onset of symptoms; most often used to detscribe death caused secondary to cardiac failure

Question 10

marfan syndrome

Answer 10

a hereditary condition of the connective tissue, bones, muscles, and ligaments. Over time, this condition results in degeneration of brain function, cardiac failure, and other visceral problems

Question 11

comorbidity

Answer 11

the presence of multiple unrelated disorders in the same person at the same time

Question 12

insidious

Answer 12

of gradual onset; with respect to symptoms of an injury or disease having no apprarent cause

Question 13

overuse syndrome

Answer 13

injury caused by accumulated microtraumatic stress placed on a structure or body area

Question 14

proximal

Answer 14

toward the midline of the body; the opposite of distal

Question 15

distal

Answer 15

away fromt he midline of the body, moving toward the periphery; the opposite of proximal

Question 16

tissue creep

Answer 16

the gradual and progressive deformation of tissues to adapt to postural changes includign immobilization or pathomechanics

Question 17

paresthesia

Answer 17

the sensation of numbness or tingling, often described as a “pins and needles
sensation, caused by compression of or a lesion to a peripheral nerve

Question 18

effusion

Answer 18

the accumulation of excess fluid within a joint space or joint cavity

Question 19

hepatitis B virus (HVB)

Answer 19

a virus resulting in inflammation of the liver. after a 2- to 6-week incubation period, symptoms develop, including gastrointestinal and respiratory disturbances, jaundice, enlarged liver, muscle pain, and weight loss

Question 20

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 20

the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Question 21

gait

Answer 21

the sequential movements of the spine, pelvis, knee, ankle, foot, and upper extremity when walking or running

Question 22

contralateral

Answer 22

pertaining to the opposite side of the body or the opposite extremity

Question 23

gross

Answer 23

visible or apparent to the unaided eye

Question 24

hemarthrosis

Answer 24

bleeding into a joint cavity

Question 25

edema

Answer 25

the collection of fluids in the intercellular spaces

Question 26

ecchymosis

Answer 26

a blue or purple area of skin caused by blood escaping into the extravascular spaces under the skin

Question 27

soft tissues

Answer 27

structures ptjer than bone, including muscle, tendon, ligament, capsule, bursa, and skin

Question 28

lymph nodes

Answer 28

nodules located in the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions, producing white blood cells and filtering bacteria fromt he bloodstream. Lymph nodes become enlarged secondary to an infection

Question 29

creptius

Answer 29

repeated crackling sensations or sound emanating from a joint or tissue

Question 30

normative data

Answer 30

normal ranges of data collection for comparison during the evaluation of an athlete. on many measures, athletes have norms different from the general population

Question 31

contraindication

Answer 31

procedure that may prove harmful given the patient’s current condition

Question 32

malingering

Answer 32

faking or exaggerating the symptosm of an injury or illness

Question 33

painful arc

Answer 33

an area within a joint’s range of motion that causes pain, representing compression, impingemet, or abrasion fo the underlying tissues

Question 34

break test

Answer 34

an isometric contraction against manual resistance provided by the examiner; used to determine the patient’s ability to generate a static force within a muscle or muscle group

Question 35

contractile tissue

Answer 35

tissue that is capable of shortening and subsequently elongating; muscular tissue

Question 36

end-point

Answer 36

the quality and quantity at the end of motion for any stress applied to a tissue

Question 37

ankylosed

Answer 37

fusion of a joint as the result of pathology or surgical design

Question 38

upper motor neuron lesion

Answer 38

a lesion proximal to the anterior horn of the spinal cord that results in paralysis and loss of voluntary movement, spasticity, sensory loss, and pathological reflexes

Question 39

lower motor neuron lesion

Answer 39

a lesion of the anterior horn of the spinal cord, nerve roots, or peripheral nerves resulting in decreases reflexes, flaccid paralysis, and atrophy

Question 40

clonus

Answer 40

neuromuscular activity in the skeletal muscle marked by rapidly alternating involuntary contraction followed by relaxation