Chapter 1 Definitions Flashcards
triage
the process of determining the priority of treatment
sign
an observable condition that indicates the existence of a disease or injury
disposition
the immediate and long-term managment of an injury or illness
objective data
finite measures that are readily reproducible regardless of the individual collecting the information
muscle guarding
voluntarily or involuntarily assuming a posture to protect an injury body area, often through muscular spasm
catastrophic
an injury that causes permanent disability or death
congenital
a condition esisting at or before birth
syncope
fainting caused by a transient loss of oxygen supply to the brain
sudden death
unexpected and iinstantaneous death occuring within 1 hour of the onset of symptoms; most often used to detscribe death caused secondary to cardiac failure
marfan syndrome
a hereditary condition of the connective tissue, bones, muscles, and ligaments. Over time, this condition results in degeneration of brain function, cardiac failure, and other visceral problems
comorbidity
the presence of multiple unrelated disorders in the same person at the same time
insidious
of gradual onset; with respect to symptoms of an injury or disease having no apprarent cause
overuse syndrome
injury caused by accumulated microtraumatic stress placed on a structure or body area
proximal
toward the midline of the body; the opposite of distal
distal
away fromt he midline of the body, moving toward the periphery; the opposite of proximal
tissue creep
the gradual and progressive deformation of tissues to adapt to postural changes includign immobilization or pathomechanics
paresthesia
the sensation of numbness or tingling, often described as a “pins and needles
sensation, caused by compression of or a lesion to a peripheral nerve
effusion
the accumulation of excess fluid within a joint space or joint cavity
hepatitis B virus (HVB)
a virus resulting in inflammation of the liver. after a 2- to 6-week incubation period, symptoms develop, including gastrointestinal and respiratory disturbances, jaundice, enlarged liver, muscle pain, and weight loss
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
gait
the sequential movements of the spine, pelvis, knee, ankle, foot, and upper extremity when walking or running
contralateral
pertaining to the opposite side of the body or the opposite extremity
gross
visible or apparent to the unaided eye
hemarthrosis
bleeding into a joint cavity
edema
the collection of fluids in the intercellular spaces
ecchymosis
a blue or purple area of skin caused by blood escaping into the extravascular spaces under the skin
soft tissues
structures ptjer than bone, including muscle, tendon, ligament, capsule, bursa, and skin
lymph nodes
nodules located in the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions, producing white blood cells and filtering bacteria fromt he bloodstream. Lymph nodes become enlarged secondary to an infection
creptius
repeated crackling sensations or sound emanating from a joint or tissue
normative data
normal ranges of data collection for comparison during the evaluation of an athlete. on many measures, athletes have norms different from the general population
contraindication
procedure that may prove harmful given the patient’s current condition
malingering
faking or exaggerating the symptosm of an injury or illness
painful arc
an area within a joint’s range of motion that causes pain, representing compression, impingemet, or abrasion fo the underlying tissues
break test
an isometric contraction against manual resistance provided by the examiner; used to determine the patient’s ability to generate a static force within a muscle or muscle group
contractile tissue
tissue that is capable of shortening and subsequently elongating; muscular tissue
end-point
the quality and quantity at the end of motion for any stress applied to a tissue
ankylosed
fusion of a joint as the result of pathology or surgical design
upper motor neuron lesion
a lesion proximal to the anterior horn of the spinal cord that results in paralysis and loss of voluntary movement, spasticity, sensory loss, and pathological reflexes
lower motor neuron lesion
a lesion of the anterior horn of the spinal cord, nerve roots, or peripheral nerves resulting in decreases reflexes, flaccid paralysis, and atrophy
clonus
neuromuscular activity in the skeletal muscle marked by rapidly alternating involuntary contraction followed by relaxation
