Chapter 4 - Culture and control Flashcards
What is ‘organisational culture’
The beliefs and expectations shared by an organisation’s members, which produce norms which shape the behaviour of individuals and groups within the organisation
What is ‘organisational values’
Beliefs relating to the goals an organisation should pursue, and the way which organisational members should behave when pursuing goals
Name Charles Handy’s 4 cultural types
Power culture
Role culture
Task culture
Person culture
Name Deal and Kennedy’s 4 cultural types
Work-hard play-hard culture - Rapid f/back, low risk
Tough-guy macho culture - Rapid f/back, high risk
Process culture - Low f/back, low risk
Bet-the-company culture - Low f/back, high risk
Name Schein’s 4 levels of culture (AVAN)
Artefacts
Values
Assumptions
Norms
Organisational Iceberg - Formal (visible aspects) - 5
Structure Mission Goals Technology Procedures
Organisational Iceberg - Behavioural (hidden aspects) - 6
Values Attitudes Style Feelings Beliefs Communication patterns
The Cultural Web (Johnson + Scholes) - 6 things
Symbols + titles Power + relationships Myths + stories Control systems Organisational structure Rituals + routines
International perspectives on culture (Hofstede)- 5 things
Power Distance Index (PDI) Individualism Masculinity Uncertainty Avoidance Index LT orientation (Confucian Dynamism)
McKinsey 7-S Model and hard/soft S’s
Hard S’s:
Strategy
Structure
Systems
Soft S's: Style (culture) Staff Skills Shared values (Superordinate goals)
Ouchi’s 5 control strategies
Market - resources allocated to successful parts of org
Personal - ctrl retained by owner of (small) business
Bureaucratic -rules & processes, rewards/punishment
Output - agreeing and measuring stds of output
Clan - ctrl through culture of org, goal congruence evident
Miles + Snow: 3 organisational types
Defenders
Prospectors
Analysers
(4th: Reactors)
