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HLSC120: Physiology > Chapter 4: CNS > Flashcards

Chapter 4: CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Glial cells of the PNS

A
  • satellite cells
  • Schwann cells
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2
Q

Satellite cess

A

Form capsule around the cell body

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3
Q

Schwann cells

A
  • form myelin
  • provides neurotrophic factors (growth)
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4
Q

Glial cells of the CNS

A
  • oligodendrocytes
  • astrocytes
  • microglia
  • epidymal cells
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5
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Forms myelin

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6
Q

Astrocytes

A
  • secretes paracrine signals
  • forms tight junctions (BBB)
  • provide neurotrophic nature
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7
Q

Microglia

A
  • brains immune cells
  • scavengers
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8
Q

What happens if microglia are overactive

A

Damage to the brain cells
- alztimers, dementia, AIDS, MS

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9
Q

Ependymal cells

A
  • secrete cerebral spinal fluid
  • act as stem cells
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10
Q

What is the infection of the meninges

A

Menigitis

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11
Q

Dura mater

A
  • tough outer membrane
  • houses veins
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12
Q

Pia mater

A
  • innermost layer
  • houses arteries
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13
Q

How many times a day is cerebrospinal fluid

A

3 times
125-150ml each time it is made

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14
Q

What does cerebrospinal fluid do chemically

A
  • increases sodium allows communication
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15
Q

What does cerebrospinal fluid do at the physical value

A
  • shock absorber
  • reduces to weight of the brain tissue by increasing buoyancy
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16
Q

What is the blood brain barrier produced by

A
  • astrocytes
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17
Q

BBB

A
  • tight junction secreted
  • selectively transported
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18
Q

What is a diseas of the BBB

A
  • Parkinson’s disease
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19
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

BBB
- loses dopeninergic neurons
Treatment: leva-dopa

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20
Q

Where is there an absence of BBB

A
  • vomiting center
  • hypothalamus
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21
Q

What is the werneckis area responsible for

A

Language comprehension

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22
Q

What is the Broca’s area responsible for

A

Formation of speech

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23
Q

Receptive aphasia

A

Cannot attach meaning to words

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24
Q

Expressive aphasia

A
  • no sentence formation
  • no syntax
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25
Q

Corpus collosum

A
  • connects the. Cerebral hemispheres
  • information highway
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26
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual

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27
Q

Temporal lobe

A
  • sound
  • located by the ears
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28
Q

Parietal lobe

A
  • sensory
  • located at the top of the brain
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29
Q

Frontal lobe

A
  • voluntary activity such as speech and thought
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30
Q

What is lateral dominance

A

One hemisphere if the cerebrum is more dominate

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31
Q

Left lateral dominance

A
  • 95% right handed
  • language, math, thinkers, logical, analytical, sequential, fragmented
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32
Q

Right lateral dominance

A
  • left handed
  • artists, creative, musical, holistic
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33
Q

Central sulcus

A

Divides the parietal lobe and frontal lobe

34
Q

What is the higher cortex

A
  • paritetal lobe
  • frontal lobe
35
Q

Primary motor cortex

A
  • located in the frontal lobe
36
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A
  • temperature, pressure, touch, proprioception
37
Q

Association areas

A
  • prefrontal association cortex
  • Parsifal- temporal - occipital association cortex
  • limbic association cortex
38
Q

Prefrontal association cortex

A
  • site if working memory
  • responsible for decision making, creativity, personality traits
  • site of voluntary activity
39
Q

Parietal- occipital- temporal association area

A
  • gives us the complete picture
40
Q

Limbic association cortex

A
  • motivation, learning and memory
41
Q

Diseases of the nasal nuclei

A
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Huntington disease
  • Tourette’s
  • OCD
42
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A
  • loss of dopamine in the nasal nuclei
    Symptoms: resting tremors, gait walking, reptilian stare, difficult movements, rigidity
43
Q

Huntingtons disease

A
  • progressive genetic disease of the nasal nuclei
    Symptoms: exacerbated movements, twitching, cognition loss, dementia, wheelchair bound
44
Q

Torettes

A

Disease of the basal nuclei

45
Q

OCD

A

Disease of the basal nuclei

46
Q

Thalamus

A
  • acts as a relay station
  • sensory stimuli ( except smell)
  • awareness
  • stimuli of special interest
47
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • link between the nervous and endocrine system
  • fight or flight response
  • negative and positive feedback
  • satiety center (eating)
  • body temp
48
Q

Pineal gland

A
  • circadian rhythm
  • melatonin
49
Q

Posterior pituitary gland makes

A
  • oxytocin
  • vasopressin (ADH)
50
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • child birth positive feedback
  • releases collestrum
51
Q

Vasopressin

A

ADH ( anti- diuretic hormone)
- controls kidneys and blood pressure

52
Q

Spinocerebellum

A
  • fine, precise movements
  • intentions of cortex
  • correct deviations of muscles
  • enhances muscle tone
  • voluntary movements
53
Q

Cerebri cerebellum

A
  • planning
  • procedural memories (repetitive actions)
54
Q

Vestibulocerebellum

A
  • equalinrum and balance
  • inner ear
  • controls eye movements
55
Q

Medulla oblongata

A
  • blood pressure
  • swallowing
  • vomiting center
  • breathing
56
Q

Pons

A
  • breathing
  • connects
57
Q

Midbrain

A
  • eye reflexes and movement
  • auditory
58
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A
  • emotional gestures
59
Q

Fornix

A
  • recall memory
60
Q

Hippocampus

A
  • site of declarative memories
  • site of formation of new neurons
  • lost in Alzheimer’s patients
61
Q

Amygdala

A
  • fear (fight-or-flight)
  • “ butterflies in the stomach”
  • responsible for emotional drinking
62
Q

Dorsal horn

A
  • afferent neurons coming in
  • site used by pathogens to hide
63
Q

Lateral horn

A
  • efferent neurons leave
64
Q

Cauda equina

A

“ hourses tail”
- CSF retrieval

65
Q

Site of epidurals

A
  • Cauda equina
66
Q

Inate reflexes

A
  • baninskis reflex
  • sucking
  • Moro
  • landay
67
Q

Baninskis reflex

A

Negative: scrunch toes
* disappears at approx. 2

68
Q

Moro

A

Starteling

69
Q

Landay reflex

A
  • tendency of baby to come towards you
70
Q

Learned / aquifer / conditioned reflex

A
  • withdraw reflex
  • crossed extensor reflex
71
Q

CNS consists of

A

Brain and spinal cord

72
Q

PNS consists of

A

Nerves

73
Q

Affrent division

A

Carries information to the CNS

74
Q

Efferent division

A
  • communicates instructions from the CNS to the effector organs
75
Q

Somatic nervous system

A
  • supply the skeletal muscles
76
Q

ANS

A

Consists of nerve fibres that innervate the smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

77
Q

Interneurons

A
  • lie in between afferent and efferent neurons
  • integrates peripheral responses to peripheral information
78
Q

Arachnoid mater

A
  • highly vascular
79
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Filled with CSF

80
Q

Choroid plexus

A
  • forms CSF
81
Q

Hydrocephalus

A
  • excess CSF

HLSC120: Physiology (7 decks)

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