Chapter 4 Cells, Tissues and Organs Flashcards
1
Q
ROOT
morph/o
A
form
2
Q
ROOT
cyt/o, -cyte
A
cell
3
Q
ROOT
nucle/o
A
nucleus
4
Q
ROOT
kary/o
A
nucleus
5
Q
ROOT
hist/o
histi/o
A
tissue
6
Q
ROOT
fibr/o
A
fiber
7
Q
ROOT
reticul/o
A
network
8
Q
ROOT
aden/o
A
gland
9
Q
ROOT
papill/o
A
nipple
10
Q
ROOT
myx/o
A
mucus
11
Q
ROOT
muc/o
A
mucus, mucous membrane
12
Q
ROOT
somat/o
-some
A
body, small body
13
Q
ROOT
blast/o,
-blast
A
immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell
14
Q
ROOT
gen
A
origin, formation
15
Q
ROOT
phag/o
A
eat, ingest
16
Q
ROOT
phil
A
attract, absorb
17
Q
ROOT
plas
A
formation, molding, development
18
Q
ROOT
trop
A
act on, affect
19
Q
ROOT
troph/o
A
feeding, growth, nourishment
20
Q
SUFFIX
-ase
A
enzyme
21
Q
SUFFIX
-ose
A
sugar
22
Q
ROOT
hydr/o
A
water, fluid
23
Q
ROOT
gluc/o
A
glucose
24
Q
ROOT
glyc/o
A
sugar, glucose
25
ROOT
| sacchar/o
sugar
26
ROOT
| amyl/o
starch
27
ROOT
| lip/o
lipid, fat
28
ROOT
| adip/o
fat
29
ROOT
| steat/o
fatty
30
ROOT
| prote/o
protein
31
TERM
| ATP
he energy compound of the cell; stores energy needed for cell activities. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate
32
TERM
| carbohydrate
The category of organic compounds that includes sugars and starches
33
TERM
| cell
The basic structural and functional unit of the living organism; a microscopic unit that combines with other cells to form tissues (root cyt/o)
34
TERM
| chromosome
A threadlike body in a cell's nucleus that contains genetic information
35
TERM
| cytology
Study of cells
36
TERM
| cytoplasm
The fluid that fills a cell and holds the organelles
37
TERM
| DNA
The genetic compound of the cell; makes up the genes. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
38
TERM
| enzyme
An organic substance that speeds the rate of metabolic reactions
39
TERM
| gene
A hereditary unit composed of DNA and combined with other genes to form the chromosomes
40
TERM
| glucose
A simple sugar that circulates in the blood; the main energy source for metabolism (roots: gluc/o, glyc/o)
41
TERM
| histology
Study of tissues
42
TERM
| homeostasis
A steady state; a condition of internal stability and constancy
43
TERM
| lipid
A category of organic compounds that includes fats (root lip/o)
44
TERM
| metabolism
The sum of all the physical and chemical reactions that occur within an organism
45
TERM
| mitosis
Cell division
46
TERM
| mucus
A thick fluid secreted by cells in membranes and glands that lubricates and protects tissues (roots: muc/o, myx/o); the adjective is mucous.
47
TERM
| nucleus
The cell's control center; directs all cell activities based on the information contained in its chromosomes (roots nucle/o, kary/o)
48
TERM
| organ
A part of the body with a specific function. A component of a body system
49
TERM
| organelle
A specialized structure in the cytoplasm of a cell
50
TERM
| protein
A category of organic compounds that includes structural materials, enzymes, and some hormones
51
TERM
| RNA
An organic compound involved in the manufacture of proteins within cells. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid
52
TERM
| tissue
A group of cells that acts together for a specific purpose (root: hist/o, histi/o)
53
TERM
| amino acids
The nitrogen-containing compounds that make up proteins
54
TERM
| anabolism
The type of metabolism in which body substances are made; the building phase of metabolism
55
TERM
| catabolism
The type of metabolism in which substances are broken down for energy and simple compounds
56
TERM
| collagen
A fibrous protein found in connective tissue
57
TERM
| cortex
The outer region of an organ
58
TERM
| glycogen
A complex sugar compound stored in liver and muscles; broken down into glucose when needed for energy
59
TERM
| interstitial
Between parts, such as the spaces between cells in a tissue
60
TERM
| medulla
The inner region of an organ; marrow (root: medull/o)
61
TERM
| parenchyma
The functional tissue of an organ
62
TERM
| parietal
Pertaining to a wall; describes a membrane that lines a body cavity
63
TERM
| soma
The body
64
TERM
| stem cell
An immature cell that has the capacity to develop into any of a variety of different cell types. A precursor cell
65
TERM
| visceral
Pertaining to the internal organs; describes a membrane on the surface of an organ
