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Cohen Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 Cells, Tissues and Organs > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Cells, Tissues and Organs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ROOT

morph/o

A

form

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2
Q

ROOT

cyt/o, -cyte

A

cell

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3
Q

ROOT

nucle/o

A

nucleus

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4
Q

ROOT

kary/o

A

nucleus

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5
Q

ROOT
hist/o
histi/o

A

tissue

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6
Q

ROOT

fibr/o

A

fiber

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7
Q

ROOT

reticul/o

A

network

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8
Q

ROOT

aden/o

A

gland

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9
Q

ROOT

papill/o

A

nipple

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10
Q

ROOT

myx/o

A

mucus

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11
Q

ROOT

muc/o

A

mucus, mucous membrane

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12
Q

ROOT
somat/o
-some

A

body, small body

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13
Q

ROOT
blast/o,
-blast

A

immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell

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14
Q

ROOT

gen

A

origin, formation

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15
Q

ROOT

phag/o

A

eat, ingest

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16
Q

ROOT

phil

A

attract, absorb

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17
Q

ROOT

plas

A

formation, molding, development

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18
Q

ROOT

trop

A

act on, affect

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19
Q

ROOT

troph/o

A

feeding, growth, nourishment

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20
Q

SUFFIX

-ase

A

enzyme

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21
Q

SUFFIX

-ose

A

sugar

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22
Q

ROOT

hydr/o

A

water, fluid

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23
Q

ROOT

gluc/o

A

glucose

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24
Q

ROOT

glyc/o

A

sugar, glucose

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25
Q

ROOT

sacchar/o

A

sugar

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26
Q

ROOT

amyl/o

A

starch

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27
Q

ROOT

lip/o

A

lipid, fat

28
Q

ROOT

adip/o

A

fat

29
Q

ROOT

steat/o

A

fatty

30
Q

ROOT

prote/o

A

protein

31
Q

TERM

ATP

A

he energy compound of the cell; stores energy needed for cell activities. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate

32
Q

TERM

carbohydrate

A

The category of organic compounds that includes sugars and starches

33
Q

TERM

cell

A

The basic structural and functional unit of the living organism; a microscopic unit that combines with other cells to form tissues (root cyt/o)

34
Q

TERM

chromosome

A

A threadlike body in a cell’s nucleus that contains genetic information

35
Q

TERM

cytology

A

Study of cells

36
Q

TERM

cytoplasm

A

The fluid that fills a cell and holds the organelles

37
Q

TERM

DNA

A

The genetic compound of the cell; makes up the genes. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.

38
Q

TERM

enzyme

A

An organic substance that speeds the rate of metabolic reactions

39
Q

TERM

gene

A

A hereditary unit composed of DNA and combined with other genes to form the chromosomes

40
Q

TERM

glucose

A

A simple sugar that circulates in the blood; the main energy source for metabolism (roots: gluc/o, glyc/o)

41
Q

TERM

histology

A

Study of tissues

42
Q

TERM

homeostasis

A

A steady state; a condition of internal stability and constancy

43
Q

TERM

lipid

A

A category of organic compounds that includes fats (root lip/o)

44
Q

TERM

metabolism

A

The sum of all the physical and chemical reactions that occur within an organism

45
Q

TERM

mitosis

A

Cell division

46
Q

TERM

mucus

A

A thick fluid secreted by cells in membranes and glands that lubricates and protects tissues (roots: muc/o, myx/o); the adjective is mucous.

47
Q

TERM

nucleus

A

The cell’s control center; directs all cell activities based on the information contained in its chromosomes (roots nucle/o, kary/o)

48
Q

TERM

organ

A

A part of the body with a specific function. A component of a body system

49
Q

TERM

organelle

A

A specialized structure in the cytoplasm of a cell

50
Q

TERM

protein

A

A category of organic compounds that includes structural materials, enzymes, and some hormones

51
Q

TERM

RNA

A

An organic compound involved in the manufacture of proteins within cells. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid

52
Q

TERM

tissue

A

A group of cells that acts together for a specific purpose (root: hist/o, histi/o)

53
Q

TERM

amino acids

A

The nitrogen-containing compounds that make up proteins

54
Q

TERM

anabolism

A

The type of metabolism in which body substances are made; the building phase of metabolism

55
Q

TERM

catabolism

A

The type of metabolism in which substances are broken down for energy and simple compounds

56
Q

TERM

collagen

A

A fibrous protein found in connective tissue

57
Q

TERM

cortex

A

The outer region of an organ

58
Q

TERM

glycogen

A

A complex sugar compound stored in liver and muscles; broken down into glucose when needed for energy

59
Q

TERM

interstitial

A

Between parts, such as the spaces between cells in a tissue

60
Q

TERM

medulla

A

The inner region of an organ; marrow (root: medull/o)

61
Q

TERM

parenchyma

A

The functional tissue of an organ

62
Q

TERM

parietal

A

Pertaining to a wall; describes a membrane that lines a body cavity

63
Q

TERM

soma

A

The body

64
Q

TERM

stem cell

A

An immature cell that has the capacity to develop into any of a variety of different cell types. A precursor cell

65
Q

TERM

visceral

A

Pertaining to the internal organs; describes a membrane on the surface of an organ

Cohen Medical Terminology (23 decks)

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