Chapter 4 Cells, Tissues and Organs Flashcards
ROOT
morph/o
form
ROOT
cyt/o, -cyte
cell
ROOT
nucle/o
nucleus
ROOT
kary/o
nucleus
ROOT
hist/o
histi/o
tissue
ROOT
fibr/o
fiber
ROOT
reticul/o
network
ROOT
aden/o
gland
ROOT
papill/o
nipple
ROOT
myx/o
mucus
ROOT
muc/o
mucus, mucous membrane
ROOT
somat/o
-some
body, small body
ROOT
blast/o,
-blast
immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell
ROOT
gen
origin, formation
ROOT
phag/o
eat, ingest
ROOT
phil
attract, absorb
ROOT
plas
formation, molding, development
ROOT
trop
act on, affect
ROOT
troph/o
feeding, growth, nourishment
SUFFIX
-ase
enzyme
SUFFIX
-ose
sugar
ROOT
hydr/o
water, fluid
ROOT
gluc/o
glucose
ROOT
glyc/o
sugar, glucose
ROOT
sacchar/o
sugar
ROOT
amyl/o
starch
ROOT
lip/o
lipid, fat
ROOT
adip/o
fat
ROOT
steat/o
fatty
ROOT
prote/o
protein
TERM
ATP
he energy compound of the cell; stores energy needed for cell activities. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate
TERM
carbohydrate
The category of organic compounds that includes sugars and starches
TERM
cell
The basic structural and functional unit of the living organism; a microscopic unit that combines with other cells to form tissues (root cyt/o)
TERM
chromosome
A threadlike body in a cell’s nucleus that contains genetic information
TERM
cytology
Study of cells
TERM
cytoplasm
The fluid that fills a cell and holds the organelles
TERM
DNA
The genetic compound of the cell; makes up the genes. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
TERM
enzyme
An organic substance that speeds the rate of metabolic reactions
TERM
gene
A hereditary unit composed of DNA and combined with other genes to form the chromosomes
TERM
glucose
A simple sugar that circulates in the blood; the main energy source for metabolism (roots: gluc/o, glyc/o)
TERM
histology
Study of tissues
TERM
homeostasis
A steady state; a condition of internal stability and constancy
TERM
lipid
A category of organic compounds that includes fats (root lip/o)
TERM
metabolism
The sum of all the physical and chemical reactions that occur within an organism
TERM
mitosis
Cell division
TERM
mucus
A thick fluid secreted by cells in membranes and glands that lubricates and protects tissues (roots: muc/o, myx/o); the adjective is mucous.
TERM
nucleus
The cell’s control center; directs all cell activities based on the information contained in its chromosomes (roots nucle/o, kary/o)
TERM
organ
A part of the body with a specific function. A component of a body system
TERM
organelle
A specialized structure in the cytoplasm of a cell
TERM
protein
A category of organic compounds that includes structural materials, enzymes, and some hormones
TERM
RNA
An organic compound involved in the manufacture of proteins within cells. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid
TERM
tissue
A group of cells that acts together for a specific purpose (root: hist/o, histi/o)
TERM
amino acids
The nitrogen-containing compounds that make up proteins
TERM
anabolism
The type of metabolism in which body substances are made; the building phase of metabolism
TERM
catabolism
The type of metabolism in which substances are broken down for energy and simple compounds
TERM
collagen
A fibrous protein found in connective tissue
TERM
cortex
The outer region of an organ
TERM
glycogen
A complex sugar compound stored in liver and muscles; broken down into glucose when needed for energy
TERM
interstitial
Between parts, such as the spaces between cells in a tissue
TERM
medulla
The inner region of an organ; marrow (root: medull/o)
TERM
parenchyma
The functional tissue of an organ
TERM
parietal
Pertaining to a wall; describes a membrane that lines a body cavity
TERM
soma
The body
TERM
stem cell
An immature cell that has the capacity to develop into any of a variety of different cell types. A precursor cell
TERM
visceral
Pertaining to the internal organs; describes a membrane on the surface of an organ
