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Cohen Medical Terminology > Chap 11 Resp System > Flashcards

Chap 11 Resp System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ROOT

nas/o

A

ROOT FOR

nose

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2
Q

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rhin/o

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nose

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3
Q

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pharyng/o

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pharynx

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4
Q

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laryng/o

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larynx

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5
Q

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trache/o

A

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trachea

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6
Q

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bronch/o,
bronch/i

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bronchus

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7
Q

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bronchiol

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bronchiole

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8
Q

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phren/o

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diaphragm

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9
Q

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phrenic/o

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phrenic nerve

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10
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pleur/o

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pleura

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11
Q

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pulm/o,
pulmon/o

A

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lung

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12
Q

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pneumon/o

A

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lung

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13
Q

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pneum/o,
pneumat/o

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air, gas; also respiration, lung

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14
Q

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spir/o

A

ROOT FOR

breathing

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15
Q

SUFFIX

-pnea

A

SUFFIX FOR

breathing

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16
Q

SUFFIX

-oxia

A

SUFFIX FOR

level of oxygen

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17
Q

SUFFIX

-capnia

A

SUFFIX FOR

level of carbon dioxide

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18
Q

SUFFIX

-phonia

A

SUFFIX FOR

voice

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19
Q

SUFFIX FOR

level of O2 or CO2 IN THE BLOOD

A

SUFFIX

-emia

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20
Q

adenoids

A

Lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils

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21
Q

alveoli

A

The tiny air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the blood in respiration

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22
Q

bronchiole

A

One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes

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23
Q

bronchus

A

One of the larger air passageways in the lungs.

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24
Q

carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

A gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated through the lungs

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25
Q

carbonic acid

A

An acid formed by carbon dioxide when it dissolves in water; H2CO3

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26
Q

compliance

A

A measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure.

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27
Q

diaphragm

A

The dome-shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inspiration

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28
Q

epiglottis

A

A leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea

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29
Q

expectoration

A

The act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract; also the material thus released; sputum

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30
Q

expiration

A

The act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs; exhalation

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31
Q

glottis

A

The opening between the vocal cords

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32
Q

hemoglobin

A

The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen

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33
Q

inspiration

A

The act of drawing air into the lungs; inhalation

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34
Q

larynx

A

The enlarged upper end of the trachea that contains the vocal cords

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35
Q

lung

A

A cone-shaped spongy organ of respiration contained within the thorax

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36
Q

mediastinum

A

The space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space

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37
Q

nose

A

The organ of the face used for breathing and for housing receptors for the sense of smell; includes an external portion and an internal nasal cavity

38
Q

oxygen (O2)

A

The gas needed by cells to release energy from food during metabolism

39
Q

palatine tonsils

A

The paired masses of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the oropharynx; usually meant when the term tonsils is used alone

40
Q

pharynx

A

The throat; a common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the larynx

41
Q

phrenic nerve

A

The nerve that activates the diaphragm

42
Q

pleura

A

A double-layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity (parietal) and covers the lungs (visceral)

43
Q

pleural space

A

The thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura

44
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

The movement of air into and out of the lungs

45
Q

sinus

A

A cavity or channel

46
Q

sputum

A

The substance released by coughing or clearing the throat; expectoration.

47
Q

surfactant

A

A substance that decreases surface tension within the alveoli and eases lung expansion.

48
Q

trachea

A

The air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi

49
Q

turbinate bones

A

The bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain receptors for the sense of smell. Also called conchae

50
Q

vocal cords

A

Membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are important in speech production.

51
Q

acidosis

A

Abnormal acidity of body fluids. Respiratory acidosis is caused by abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide in the body

52
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

Pulmonary edema that can lead rapidly to fatal respiratory failure; causes include trauma, aspiration into the lungs, viral pneumonia, and drug reactions; shock lung

53
Q

acute rhinitis

A

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa with sneezing, tearing, and profuse secretion of watery mucus, as seen in the common cold

54
Q

alkalosis

A

Abnormal alkalinity of body fluids. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by abnormally low levels of carbon dioxide in the body

55
Q

aspiration

A

The accidental inhalation of food or other foreign material into the lungs. Also means the withdrawal of fluid from a cavity by suction

56
Q

asthma

A

A disease characterized by dyspnea and wheezing caused by spasm of the bronchial tubes or swelling of their mucous membranes

57
Q

atelectasis

A

Incomplete expansion of a lung or part of a lung; lung collapse. May be present at birth (as in respiratory distress syndrome) or be caused by bronchial obstruction or compression of lung tissue (prefix atel/o means “imperfect”)

58
Q

bronchiectasis

A

Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi

59
Q

bronchitis

A

Inflammation of a bronchus

60
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

Any of a group of chronic, progressive, and debilitating respiratory diseases, which includes emphysema, asthma, bronchitis, and bronchiectasis

61
Q

cyanosis

A

Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood

62
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

An inherited disease that affects the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands. Characterized by mucus accumulation in the bronchi causing obstruction and leading to infection

63
Q

diphtheria

A

Acute infectious disease, usually limited to the upper respiratory tract, characterized by the formation of a surface pseudomembrane composed of cells and coagulated material

64
Q

dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing, sometimes with pain; “air hunger”

65
Q

emphysema

A

A chronic pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement and destruction of the alveoli

66
Q

empyema

A

Accumulation of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space; pyothorax

67
Q

hemoptysis

A

The spitting of blood from the mouth or respiratory tract

68
Q

hemothorax

A

Presence of blood in the pleural space

69
Q

hydrothorax

A

Presence of fluid in the pleural space

70
Q

hyperventilation

A

Increased rate and depth of breathing; increase in the amount of air entering the alveoli

71
Q

influenza

A

An acute, contagious respiratory infection causing fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain; “flu”

72
Q

pertussis

A

An acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough ending in a whooping inspiration; whooping cough

73
Q

pleural effusion

A

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. The fluid may contain blood (hemothorax) or pus (pyothorax or empyema)

74
Q

pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura; pleuritis. A symptom of pleurisy is sharp pain on breathing

75
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

Disease of the respiratory tract caused by inhalation of dust particles. Named more specifically by the type of dust inhaled, such as silicosis, anthracosis, asbestosis

76
Q

pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lungs generally caused by infection. May involve the bronchioles and alveoli (bronchopneumonia) or one or more lobes of the lung (lobar pneumonia)

77
Q

pneumonitis

A

Inflammation of the lungs; may follow infection or be caused by asthma, allergy, or inhalation of irritants

78
Q

pneumothorax

A

Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space. May result from injury or disease or may be produced artificially to collapse a lung

79
Q

pyothorax

A

Accumulation of pus in the pleural space; empyema

80
Q

respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

A

A respiratory disorder that affects premature infants born without enough surfactant in the lungs. It is treated with respiratory support and surfactant administration

81
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

The sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant; crib death

82
Q

tuberculosis

A

An infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

83
Q

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

A

The concentrations of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, in arterial blood. Reported as the partial pressure (P) of the gas in arterial (a) blood, such as PaO2 or PaCO2. These measurements are important in measuring acid-base balance

84
Q

bronchoscope

A

An endoscope used to examine the tracheobronchial passageways. Also allows access for biopsy of tissue to removal of a foreign object

85
Q

lung scan

A

Study based on the accumulation of radioactive isotope in lung tissue. A ventilation scan measures ventilation after inhalation of radioactive material. A perfusion scan measures blood supply to the lungs after injection of radioactive material. Also called a pulmonary scintiscan

86
Q

pulse oximetry

A

Determination of the oxygen saturation of arterial blood by means of a photoelectric apparatus (oximeter), usually placed on the finger or the ear; reported as SpO2 in percent

87
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

Tests done to assess breathing, usually by spirometry

88
Q

spirometer

A

An apparatus used to measure breathing volumes and capacities; record of test is a spirogram

89
Q

thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture of the chest for removal of air or fluids, such as may accumulate after surgery or as a result of injury, infection, or cardiovascular problems. Also called thoracocentesis

90
Q

tuberculin test

A

A skin test for tuberculosis. Tuberculin (PPD), the test material made from products of the tuberculosis organism, is injected below the skin.

Cohen Medical Terminology (23 decks)

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