Chap 11 Resp System Flashcards
ROOT
nas/o
ROOT FOR
nose
ROOT
rhin/o
ROOT FOR
nose
ROOT
pharyng/o
ROOT FOR
pharynx
ROOT
laryng/o
ROOT FOR
larynx
ROOT
trache/o
ROOT FOR
trachea
ROOT
bronch/o,
bronch/i
ROOT FOR
bronchus
ROOT
bronchiol
ROOT FOR
bronchiole
ROOT
phren/o
ROOT FOR
diaphragm
ROOT
phrenic/o
ROOT FOR
phrenic nerve
ROOT
pleur/o
ROOT FOR
pleura
ROOT
pulm/o,
pulmon/o
ROOT FOR
lung
ROOT
pneumon/o
ROOT FOR
lung
ROOT
pneum/o,
pneumat/o
ROOT FOR
air, gas; also respiration, lung
ROOT
spir/o
ROOT FOR
breathing
SUFFIX
-pnea
SUFFIX FOR
breathing
SUFFIX
-oxia
SUFFIX FOR
level of oxygen
SUFFIX
-capnia
SUFFIX FOR
level of carbon dioxide
SUFFIX
-phonia
SUFFIX FOR
voice
SUFFIX FOR
level of O2 or CO2 IN THE BLOOD
SUFFIX
-emia
adenoids
Lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils
alveoli
The tiny air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the blood in respiration
bronchiole
One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes
bronchus
One of the larger air passageways in the lungs.
carbon dioxide (CO2)
A gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated through the lungs
carbonic acid
An acid formed by carbon dioxide when it dissolves in water; H2CO3
compliance
A measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure.
diaphragm
The dome-shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inspiration
epiglottis
A leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea
expectoration
The act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract; also the material thus released; sputum
expiration
The act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs; exhalation
glottis
The opening between the vocal cords
hemoglobin
The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen
inspiration
The act of drawing air into the lungs; inhalation
larynx
The enlarged upper end of the trachea that contains the vocal cords
lung
A cone-shaped spongy organ of respiration contained within the thorax
mediastinum
The space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space
nose
The organ of the face used for breathing and for housing receptors for the sense of smell; includes an external portion and an internal nasal cavity
oxygen (O2)
The gas needed by cells to release energy from food during metabolism
palatine tonsils
The paired masses of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the oropharynx; usually meant when the term tonsils is used alone
pharynx
The throat; a common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the larynx
phrenic nerve
The nerve that activates the diaphragm
pleura
A double-layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity (parietal) and covers the lungs (visceral)
pleural space
The thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura
pulmonary ventilation
The movement of air into and out of the lungs
sinus
A cavity or channel
sputum
The substance released by coughing or clearing the throat; expectoration.
surfactant
A substance that decreases surface tension within the alveoli and eases lung expansion.
trachea
The air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi
turbinate bones
The bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain receptors for the sense of smell. Also called conchae
vocal cords
Membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are important in speech production.
acidosis
Abnormal acidity of body fluids. Respiratory acidosis is caused by abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide in the body
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Pulmonary edema that can lead rapidly to fatal respiratory failure; causes include trauma, aspiration into the lungs, viral pneumonia, and drug reactions; shock lung
acute rhinitis
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa with sneezing, tearing, and profuse secretion of watery mucus, as seen in the common cold
alkalosis
Abnormal alkalinity of body fluids. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by abnormally low levels of carbon dioxide in the body
aspiration
The accidental inhalation of food or other foreign material into the lungs. Also means the withdrawal of fluid from a cavity by suction
asthma
A disease characterized by dyspnea and wheezing caused by spasm of the bronchial tubes or swelling of their mucous membranes
atelectasis
Incomplete expansion of a lung or part of a lung; lung collapse. May be present at birth (as in respiratory distress syndrome) or be caused by bronchial obstruction or compression of lung tissue (prefix atel/o means “imperfect”)
bronchiectasis
Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi
bronchitis
Inflammation of a bronchus
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Any of a group of chronic, progressive, and debilitating respiratory diseases, which includes emphysema, asthma, bronchitis, and bronchiectasis
cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood
cystic fibrosis (CF)
An inherited disease that affects the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands. Characterized by mucus accumulation in the bronchi causing obstruction and leading to infection
diphtheria
Acute infectious disease, usually limited to the upper respiratory tract, characterized by the formation of a surface pseudomembrane composed of cells and coagulated material
dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing, sometimes with pain; “air hunger”
emphysema
A chronic pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement and destruction of the alveoli
empyema
Accumulation of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space; pyothorax
hemoptysis
The spitting of blood from the mouth or respiratory tract
hemothorax
Presence of blood in the pleural space
hydrothorax
Presence of fluid in the pleural space
hyperventilation
Increased rate and depth of breathing; increase in the amount of air entering the alveoli
influenza
An acute, contagious respiratory infection causing fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain; “flu”
pertussis
An acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough ending in a whooping inspiration; whooping cough
pleural effusion
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. The fluid may contain blood (hemothorax) or pus (pyothorax or empyema)
pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura; pleuritis. A symptom of pleurisy is sharp pain on breathing
pneumoconiosis
Disease of the respiratory tract caused by inhalation of dust particles. Named more specifically by the type of dust inhaled, such as silicosis, anthracosis, asbestosis
pneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs generally caused by infection. May involve the bronchioles and alveoli (bronchopneumonia) or one or more lobes of the lung (lobar pneumonia)
pneumonitis
Inflammation of the lungs; may follow infection or be caused by asthma, allergy, or inhalation of irritants
pneumothorax
Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space. May result from injury or disease or may be produced artificially to collapse a lung
pyothorax
Accumulation of pus in the pleural space; empyema
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
A respiratory disorder that affects premature infants born without enough surfactant in the lungs. It is treated with respiratory support and surfactant administration
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
The sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant; crib death
tuberculosis
An infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
The concentrations of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, in arterial blood. Reported as the partial pressure (P) of the gas in arterial (a) blood, such as PaO2 or PaCO2. These measurements are important in measuring acid-base balance
bronchoscope
An endoscope used to examine the tracheobronchial passageways. Also allows access for biopsy of tissue to removal of a foreign object
lung scan
Study based on the accumulation of radioactive isotope in lung tissue. A ventilation scan measures ventilation after inhalation of radioactive material. A perfusion scan measures blood supply to the lungs after injection of radioactive material. Also called a pulmonary scintiscan
pulse oximetry
Determination of the oxygen saturation of arterial blood by means of a photoelectric apparatus (oximeter), usually placed on the finger or the ear; reported as SpO2 in percent
pulmonary function tests
Tests done to assess breathing, usually by spirometry
spirometer
An apparatus used to measure breathing volumes and capacities; record of test is a spirogram
thoracentesis
Surgical puncture of the chest for removal of air or fluids, such as may accumulate after surgery or as a result of injury, infection, or cardiovascular problems. Also called thoracocentesis
tuberculin test
A skin test for tuberculosis. Tuberculin (PPD), the test material made from products of the tuberculosis organism, is injected below the skin.
