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Cohen Medical Terminology > Chap 7 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surgery > Flashcards

Chap 7 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surgery Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ROOT aer/o

A

air

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2
Q

ROOT bar/o

A

pressure

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3
Q

ROOT chrom/o, chromat/o

A

color, stain

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4
Q

ROOT chron/o

A

time

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5
Q

ROOT cry/o

A

cold

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6
Q

ROOT electr/o

A

electricity

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7
Q

ROOT erg/o

A

work

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8
Q

ROOT phon/o

A

sound, voice

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9
Q

ROOT phot/o

A

light

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10
Q

ROOT radi/o

A

radiation, x-ray

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11
Q

ROOT son/o

A

sound

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12
Q

ROOT therm/o

A

heat, temperature

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13
Q

TERM inspection

A

visual examination

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14
Q

TERM palpation

A

touching body surface with hands, fingers

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15
Q

TERM percussion

A

tapping body and listening to sounds made

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16
Q

TERM auscultation

A

using a stethoscope to listen to body sounds

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17
Q

TERM diagnosis

A

determination of nature and cause of illness

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18
Q

TERM systolic

A

recorded when heart contracting

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19
Q

TERM diastolic

A

recorded when heart relaxing

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20
Q

TERM ophthalmoscope

A

instrument for examining eyes

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21
Q

TERM otoscope

A

instrument for examining eyes

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22
Q

TERM hammer

A

instrument for testing reflexes

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23
Q

TERM sphygmomanometer

A

blood pressure cuff

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24
Q

TERM endoscope

A

examines body cavities

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25
Q

TERM biopsy

A

removal of tissue for microscopic examination

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26
Q

TERM radiography

A

x-ray

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27
Q

TERM prognosis

A

prediction of outcome of disease

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28
Q

TERM palliative

A

therapy to provide relief, not intended as cure

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29
Q

TERM excision

A

removal

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30
Q

How is cancer classified?

A

grading

staging

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31
Q

TERM

staging

A

procedure for seeing how far tumor has spread

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32
Q

air

A

ROOT aer/o

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33
Q

pressure

A

ROOT bar/o

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34
Q

color, stain

A

ROOT chrom/o, chromat/o

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35
Q

time

A

ROOT chron/o

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36
Q

cold

A

ROOT cry/o

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37
Q

electricity

A

ROOT electr/o

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38
Q

work

A

ROOT erg/o

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39
Q

sound, voice

A

ROOT phon/o

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40
Q

light

A

ROOT phot/o

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41
Q

radiation, x-ray

A

ROOT radi/o

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42
Q

sound

A

ROOT son/o

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43
Q

heat, temperature

A

ROOT therm/o

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44
Q

visual examination

A

TERM inspection

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45
Q

touching body surface with hands, fingers

A

TERM palpation

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46
Q

tapping body and listening to sounds made

A

TERM percussion

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47
Q

using a stethoscope to listen to body sounds

A

TERM auscultation

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48
Q

determination of nature and cause of illness

A

TERM diagnosis

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49
Q

recorded when heart contracting

A

TERM systolic

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50
Q

recorded when heart relaxing

A

TERM diastolic

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51
Q

instrument for examining eyes

A

TERM ophthalmoscope

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52
Q

instrument for testing reflexes

A

TERM hammer

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53
Q

blood pressure cuff

A

TERM sphygmomanometer

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54
Q

examines body cavities

A

TERM endoscope

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55
Q

removal of tissue for microscopic examination

A

TERM biopsy

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56
Q

x-ray

A

TERM radiography

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57
Q

prediction of outcome of disease

A

TERM prognosis

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58
Q

therapy to provide relief, not intended as cure

A

TERM palliative

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59
Q

removal

A

TERM excision

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60
Q

SUFFIX

-graph

A

instrument for recording data

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61
Q

SUFFIX

-graphy

A

act of recording data

This ending is often used to mean not only the recording of data but also the evaluation and interpretation of the data.

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62
Q

SUFFIX

-gram

A

a record of data

A picture taken simply using x-rays is called a radiograph. When special techniques are used to image an organ or region with x-rays, the ending -gram is used with the root for that area, as in urogram (urinary tract), angiogram (blood vessels), and mammogram (breast).

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63
Q

SUFFIX

-meter

A

instrument for measuring

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64
Q

SUFFIX

-metry

A

measurement of

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65
Q

SUFFIX

-scope

A

instrument for viewing or examining

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66
Q

SUFFIX

-scopy

A

examination of

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67
Q

SUFFIX

-centesis

A

puncture,

tap

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68
Q

SUFFIX

-desis

A

binding, fusion

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69
Q

SUFFIX

-ectomy

A

excision,

surgical removal

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70
Q

SUFFIX

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

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71
Q

SUFFIX

-plasty

A

plastic repair,

plastic surgery,

reconstruction

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72
Q

SUFFIX

-rhaphy

A

surgical repair,

suture

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73
Q

SUFFIX

-stomy

A

surgical creation of an opening

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74
Q

SUFFIX

-tome

A

instrument for incising (cutting)

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75
Q

SUFFIX

-tomy

A

incision, cutting

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76
Q

SUFFIX

-tripsy

A

crushing

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77
Q
A
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78
Q

anesthesia

A

Loss of the ability to feel pain, as by administration of a drug

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79
Q

auscultation

A

Listening for sounds within the body, usually within the chest or abdomen

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80
Q

biopsy

A

Removal of a small amount of tissue for microscopic examination

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81
Q

cautery

A

Destruction of tissue by a damaging agent, such as a harmful chemical, heat, or electric current (electrocautery); cauterization

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82
Q

chemotherapy

A

Use of chemicals to treat disease. The term is often applied specifically to the treatment of cancer with chemicals

83
Q

endoscope

A

An instrument for examining the inside of an organ or cavity through a body opening or small incision; most endoscopes use fiberoptics for viewing

84
Q

excision

A

Removal by cutting (suffix: -ectomy)

85
Q

fixation

A

Holding or fastening a structure in a fixed position (suffix: -pexy)

86
Q

immunotherapy

A

Treatment that involves stimulation or suppression of the immune system, either specifically or nonspecifically

87
Q

incision

A

A cut, as for surgery; also the act of cutting (suffix: -tomy)

88
Q

laser

A

A device that transforms light into a beam of intense heat and power; used for surgery and diagnosis

89
Q

sign

A

Objective evidence of disease that can be observed or tested; examples are fever, rash, high blood pressure, and blood or urine abnormalities; an objective symptom

90
Q

surgery

A

A method for treating disease or injury by manual operations

91
Q

suture

A

To unite parts by stitching them together; also the thread or other material used in that process or the seam formed by surgical stitching (suffix: -rhaphy)

92
Q

symptom

A

Any evidence of disease; sometimes limited to subjective evidence of disease, as experienced by the individual, such as pain, dizziness, and weakness

93
Q

vital signs

A

Measurements that reflect basic functions necessary to maintain life

94
Q

clubbing

A

Enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes because of soft-tissue growth of the nails; seen in a variety of diseases, especially lung and heart diseases

95
Q

colic

A

Acute abdominal pain associated with smooth-muscle spasms

96
Q

cyanosis

A

Bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen

97
Q

diaphoresis

A

Profuse sweating

98
Q

malaise

A

A feeling of discomfort or uneasiness, often indicative of infection

99
Q

pallor

A

Paleness; lack of color

100
Q

prodrome

A

A symptom indicating an approaching disease

101
Q

sequela

A

A lasting effect of a disease (plural, sequelae)

102
Q

syncope

A

A temporary loss of consciousness because of inadequate blood flow to the brain; fainting

103
Q

alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

A

A fetal protein that appears in the blood of adults with certain types of cancer

104
Q

bruit

A

A sound, usually abnormal, heard in auscultation

105
Q

facies

A

The expression or appearance of the face

106
Q

febrile

A

Pertaining to fever

107
Q

nuclear medicine

A

The branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioactive substances (radionuclides) for diagnosis, therapy, and research

108
Q

radiology

A

The branch of medicine that uses radiation, such as x-rays, in the diagnosis and treatment of disease; a specialist in this field is a radiologist

109
Q

radionuclide

A

A substance that gives off radiation; used for diagnosis and treatment; also called radioisotope or radiopharmaceutical

110
Q

speculum

A

An instrument for examining a canal

111
Q

syndrome

A

A group of signs and symptoms that together characterize a disease condition

112
Q

catheter

A

A thin tube that can be passed into the body; used to remove fluids from or introduce fluids into a body cavity

113
Q

clysis

A

The introduction of fluid into the body, other than orally, as into the rectum or abdominal cavity; also refers to the solution thus used

114
Q

irrigation

A

Flushing of a tube, cavity, or area with a fluid

115
Q

lavage

A

The washing out of a cavity; irrigation

116
Q

normal saline solution (NS)

A

A salt (NaCl) solution compatible with living cells; also called physiologic saline solution (PSS)

117
Q

paracentesis

A

Puncture of a cavity for removal of fluid

118
Q

prophylaxis

A

Prevention of disease

119
Q

drain

A

Device for allowing matter to escape from a wound or cavity; common types include Penrose (cigarette), T-tube, Jackson-Pratt (J-P), and Hemovac

120
Q

ligature

A

A tie or bandage; the process of binding or tying (also called ligation)

121
Q

resection

A

Partial excision of a structure

122
Q

stapling

A

In surgery, the joining of tissue by using wire staples that are pushed through the tissue and then bent

123
Q

surgeon

A

One who specializes in surgery

124
Q

ADL

A

Activities of daily living

125
Q

BP

A

Blood pressure

126
Q

bpm

A

Beats per minute

127
Q

C

A

Celsius (centigrade)

128
Q

CC

A

Chief complaint

129
Q

c/o

A

Complains of

130
Q

EOMI

A

Extraocular muscles intact

131
Q

ETOH

A

Alcohol (ethyl alcohol)

132
Q

F

A

Fahrenheit

133
Q

HEENT

A

Head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat

134
Q

HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

135
Q

h/o

A

History of

136
Q

H & P

A

History and physical

137
Q

HPI

A

History of present illness

138
Q

HR

A

Heart rate

139
Q

Hx

A

History

140
Q

I & O

A

Intake and output

141
Q

IPPA

A

Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

142
Q

IVDA

A

Intravenous drug abuse

143
Q

NAD

A

No apparent distress

144
Q

NKDA

A

No known drug allergies

145
Q

P

A

Pulse

146
Q

PE

A

Physical examination

147
Q

PE(R)RLA

A

Pupils equal (regular) react to light and accommodation

148
Q

PMH

A

Past medical history

149
Q

pt

A

Patient

150
Q

R

A

Respiration

151
Q

R/O

A

Rule out

152
Q

ROS

A

Review of systems

153
Q

T

A

Temperature

154
Q

TPR

A

Temperature, pulse, respiration

155
Q

VS

A

Vital signs

156
Q

WD

A

Well developed

157
Q

WNL

A

Within normal limits

158
Q

w/o

A

Without

159
Q

YO, y/o

A

Years old, year-old

160
Q

ABC

A

Aspiration biopsy cytology

161
Q

AFP

A

Alpha-fetoprotein

162
Q

BS

A

Bowel sounds

163
Q

bx

A

Biopsy

164
Q

CAM

A

Complementary and alternative medicine

165
Q

Ci

A

Curie (unit of radioactivity)

166
Q

C & S

A

Culture and (drug) sensitivity (of bacteria)

167
Q

CT

A

Computed tomography

168
Q

D/C, dc

A

Discontinue, discharge

169
Q

Dx

A

Diagnosis

170
Q

EBL

A

Estimated blood loss

171
Q

ICU

A

Intensive care unit

172
Q

I & D

A

Incision and drainage

173
Q

MET

A

Metastasis

174
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

175
Q

NCCAM

A

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine

176
Q

NS, N/S

A

Normal saline

177
Q

PCA

A

Patient-controlled analgesia

178
Q

PET

A

Positron emission tomography

179
Q

PICC

A

Peripherally inserted central catheter

180
Q

postop

A

Postoperative

181
Q

preop

A

Preoperative

182
Q

PSS

A

Physiologic saline solution

183
Q

RATx

A

Radiation therapy

184
Q

Rx

A

Drug, prescription, therapy

185
Q

SPECT

A

Single-photon emission-computed tomography

186
Q

TNM

A

(Primary) tumor, (regional lymph) nodes, (distant) metastases

187
Q

UV

A

Ultraviolet

188
Q

AP

A

Anteroposterior

189
Q

LL

A

Left lateral

190
Q

PA

A

Posteroanterior

191
Q

RL

A

Right lateral

192
Q

AMA

A

Against medical advice

193
Q

NPO

A

Nothing by mouth (Latin, non per os)

194
Q

AMB

A

Ambulatory

195
Q

OOB

A

Out of bed

196
Q

BRP

A

Bathroom privileges

197
Q

QNS

A

Quantity not sufficient

198
Q

CBR

A

Complete bed rest

199
Q

QS

A

Quantity sufficient

200
Q

DNR

A

Do not resuscitate

201
Q

STAT

A

Immediately

202
Q

KVO

A

Keep vein open

203
Q

TKO

A

To keep open

204
Q
A

Cohen Medical Terminology (23 decks)

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