Chap 6 Disease Flashcards
ROOT
alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o
pain
ROOT
carcin/o
cancer, carcinoma
ROOT
cyst/o, cyst/i
filled sac or pouch, cyst, bladder
ROOT
lith
calculus, stone
ROOT
onc/o
tumor
ROOT
path/o
disease
ROOT
py/o
pus
ROOT
pyr/o, pyret/o
fever, fire
ROOT
scler/o
hard
ROOT
tox/o, toxic/o
poison
What causes infectious disease?
Caused by microorganisms: parasites called pathogens
What causes degenerative disease?
Caused by wear and tear, aging or trauma
What causes neoplasia?
Abnormal, uncontrolled growth of tissue
What are the 8 classes of disease?
Infectious Degenerative Neoplasia Immune disorders Metabolic disorders Malnutrition Hormonal disorders Mental and emotion disorders
PREFIX
brady-
slow
PREFIX
dys-
abnormal, painful, difficult
PREFIX
mal-
bad, por
PREFIX
pachy-
thick
PREFIX
tachy-
rapid
PREFIX
xero-
dry
SUFFIX
- algia,
- algesia
pain
SUFFIX
-cele
hernia
localized dilation
SUFFIX
- clasis,
- clasia
breaking
SUFFIX
-itis
inflammation
SUFFIX
-megaly
enlargement
SUFFIX
-dynia
pain
SUFFIX
-oma (plural -omas, omata)
tumor
SUFFUX
-pathy
nephropathy
SUFFIX
- rhage,
- rhagia
bursting forth, profuse flow, hemorrhage
SUFFIX
-rhea
flow, discharge
SUFFIX
-rhexis
rupture
SUFFIX
-schisis
fissure, splitting
WORD AS SUFFIX
dilation, dilatation
expansion, widening
WORD AS SUFFIX
ectasia, ectasis
dilation, dilatation, distension
WORD AS SUFFIX
edema
accumulation of fluid, swelling
WORD AS SUFFIX
lysis
separation, loosening, dissolving, destruction
WORD AS SUFFIX
malacia
softening
WORD AS SUFFIX
necrosis
death of tissue
WORD AS SUFFIX
ptosis
dropping, downward displacement, prolapse
WORD AS SUFFIX
sclerosis
hardening
WORD AS SUFFIX
spasm
sudden contraction, cramp
WORD AS SUFFIX
stasis
suppression, stoppage
WORD AS SUFFIX
stenosis
narrowing, constriction
WORD AS SUFFIX
toxin
poison
What are infectious diseases caused by?
Viruses Bacteria Fungi (yeast and molds) Protozoa (single-celled animals) Worms
PREFIX
staphyl/o-
grapelike cluster
PREFIX
strept/o-
twisted chain
ROOT
bacill/i, bacill/o
bacillus
ROOT
bacteri/o
bacterium
ROOT
myc/o
fungus, mold
ROOT
vir/o
virus
TERM
acute
Sudden, severe; having a short course
TERM
benign
Not recurrent or malignant; favorable for recovery; describing tumors that do not spread
TERM
carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm composed of epithelial cells (from Greek root carcino, meaning “crab”) (adjective: carcinomatous)
TERM
chronic
Of long duration; progressing slowly
TERM
cyst
An abnormal filled sac or pouch. Used as a root meaning a normal bladder or sac, such as the urinary bladder or gallbladder (root: cyst/o)
TERM
edema
Accumulation of fluid in the tissues; swelling. Adjective edematous
TERM
etiology
The cause of a disease
TERM
Gram stain
A laboratory staining procedure that divides bacteria into two groups: gram-positive, which stain blue, and gram-negative, which stain red
TERM
hernia
Protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening; a rupture
TERM
inflammation
A localized response to tissue injury characterized by heat, pain, redness, and swelling
TERM
lesion
A distinct area of damaged tissue; an injury or wound
TERM
malignant
Growing worse; harmful; tending to cause death; describing an invasive tumor that can spread (metastasize) to other tissues
TERM
metastasis
Spread from one part of the body to another; characteristic of cancer. Verb is metastasize (me-TAS-ta-sīz); adjective: metastatic (met-a-STAT-ik)
TERM
necrosis
Death of tissue (root necr/o means “death”); adjective: necrotic (ne-KROT-ik)
TERM
neoplasm
An abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue, namely, a tumor; may be benign or malignant. From prefix neo- meaning “new” and root plasm meaning “formation.” The root onc/o and the suffix -oma refer to neoplasms.
TERM
parasite
An organism that grows on or in another organism (the host), causing damage to it
TERM
pathogen
An organism capable of causing disease (root path/o means “disease”)
TERM
phagocytosis
The ingestion of organisms, such as invading bacteria or small particles of waste material by a cell (root phag/o means “to eat”). The phagocytic cell, or phagocyte, then destroys the ingested material
TERM
prolapse
A dropping or downward displacement of an organ or part; ptosis
TERM
pus
A product of inflammation consisting of fluid and white blood cells (root: py/o)
TERM
sarcoma
A malignant neoplasm arising from connective tissue (from Greek root sarco, meaning “flesh”) (adjective: sarcomatous)
TERM
sepsis
The presence of harmful microorganisms or their toxins in the blood or other tissues (adjective: septic)
TERM
toxin
A poison (adjective, toxic) (roots: tox/o, toxic/o)
TERM
trauma
A physical or psychological wound or injury
TERM
acid-fast stain
A laboratory staining procedure used mainly to identify the tuberculosis (TB) organism
TERM
communicable
Capable of passing from one person to another, such as an infectious disease
TERM
endemic
Occurring at a low level but continuously in a given region, such as the common cold
TERM
epidemic
Affecting many people in a given region at the same time; a disease that breaks out in a large proportion of a population at a given time
TERM
exacerbation
Worsening of disease; increase in severity of a disease or its symptoms
TERM
iatrogenic
Caused by the effects of treatment (from Greek root iatro-, meaning “physician”)
TERM
idiopathic
Having no known cause (root idio means “self-originating”)
TERM
in situ
Localized, noninvasive (literally “in position”); said of tumors that do not spread, such as carcinoma in situ (CIS)
TERM
normal flora
The microorganisms that normally live on or in the body. These organisms are generally harmless, and often are beneficial, but they can cause disease under special circumstances, such as injury or failure of the immune system
TERM
nosocomial
Describing an infection acquired in a hospital (root nos/o means “disease,” and comial refers to a hospital). Such infections can be a serious problem, especially if they are resistant to antibiotics; for example, there are now strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), which cause troublesome infections in hospital settings
TERM
Opportunistic
Describing an infection that occurs because of a host’s poor or altered condition
TERM
Pandemic
Describing a disease that is prevalent throughout an entire region or the world. AIDS is now pandemic in certain regions of the world.
TERM
Remission
A lessening of disease symptoms; the period during which such lessening occurs
TERM
Septicemia
Presence of pathogenic bacteria in the blood; blood poisoning
TERM
Systemic
Pertaining to the whole body
TERM
abscess
A localized collection of pus
TERM
adhesion
A uniting of two surfaces or parts that may normally be separated
TERM
anaplasia
Lack of normal differentiation, as shown by cancer cells
TERM
ascites
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
TERM
cellulitis
A spreading inflammation of tissue
TERM
effusion
Escape of fluid into a cavity or other body part
TERM
exudate
Material that escapes from blood vessels as a result of tissue injury
TERM
fissure
A groove or split
TERM
fistula
An abnormal passage between two organs or from an organ to the surface of the body
TERM
gangrene
Death of tissue, usually caused by lack of blood supply; may be associated with bacterial infection and decomposition
TERM
hyperplasia
Excessive growth of normal cells in normal arrangement
TERM
hypertrophy
An increase in size of an organ without increase in the number of cells; may result from an increase in activity, as in muscles
TERM
induration
Hardening; an abnormally hard spot or place
TERM
metaplasia
Conversion of cells to a form that is not normal for that tissue (prefix meta- means “change”)
TERM
polyp
A tumor attached by a thin stalk
TERM
purulent
Forming or containing pus
TERM
suppuration
Pus formation
AF
Acid fast
CA
Cancer
CIS
Carcinoma in situ
FUO
Fever of unknown origin
Gm+
Gram-positive
Gm-
Gram-negative
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Staph
Staphylococcus
Strep
Streptococcus
VRSA
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
