Chapter 4 Cardiorespiratory Concepts

Question 1

What is the Cardio-respiratory system?

Answer 1

the combination of:
* cardiovascular system (heart, blood and blood vessels)

• Respiratory system (lungs)

working together to deliver oxygen and nutrients while removing waste from body tissues

Question 2

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

Pump and transport oxygen rich blood to the body tissues and transport carbon dioxide **from **the body tissues back to the lungs for re-oxygenation.

Question 3

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

Adds oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the blood.

Question 4

Cardio-vascular system

What is the structure of the human heart

Answer 4

Four Chambers - two pumps:
* Right Atrium/right ventricle - receives oxygen-poor blood from body tissues through veins and pumps it towards the lungs - to re-oxygenate the blood (pulmonary circulation)
* Left atrium/left ventricle - receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps it through the arteries back to the body tissues (Systemic circulation)

Question 5

Cardiovascular system

What is blood pressure?

Answer 5

It is the result of blood being pumped out of the ventricles and exerting force against the artery walls. It is made up of two measurements:
* systolic pressure
* diastolic pressure

Question 6

Cardiovascular system

Explain the difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure

Answer 6

Systolic pressure: pressure exerted on walls of the arteries when the heart contracts

Diastolic pressure: pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries when the heart relaxes

Question 7

Cardiovascular system

What is heart rate (HR)?

Answer 7

The heart rate is the **number of times per minute **the heart pumps blood into the arteries.

Question 8

Cardiovascular system

What is stroke volume (SV)?

Answer 8

Stroke volume (SV) is the amount of blood that the left ventricle ejects in one beat.
(Oxygen-rich blood leaves the left ventricle of the heart to deliver oxygen to body tissues)

Question 9

Cardiovascular system

What is cardiac output (Q)?

Answer 9

Cardiac output (Q) is the amount of blood that the heart ejects in one minute.
SV x HR = Q
Stroke volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR) = Cardiac Output (Q)

Question 10

Resipratory system

What are the parts of the respiratory system

Answer 10

• Mouth
• Nose
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchial tree (lung)
• alveoli (lung)

Question 11

Respiratory system

What is ventilation?

Answer 11

Ventilation is how air moves in and out of the lungs:
Inspiration: diaphram and inspiratory muscles contract - air descends from mouth/nose, pharynx, trachea to bronchial tree and alveoli
Expiration: diaphram and inspiratory muscles relax - air moves back out through the mouth/nose

Question 12

Respiratory System

What is diffusion?

Answer 12

Process where oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood through inspiration
and
carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli for removal through expiration.

Question 13

Stroke volume is the amount of blood ______________
a. Ejected per hour
b. ejected by the right ventricle per beat
c. ejected by the left ventricle per beat
d. ejected per minute

Answer 13

c. Ejected by the left ventricle per beat

Question 14

Why should a PTS never take the client’s pulse with the thumb?
a. It has a pulse of its own
b. it gives too much pressure and will occlude the radial artery
c. The thumb should be used only if the client is measuring their own pulse
d. The other fingers have a stronger pulse than the thumb.

Answer 14

a. It has a pulse of its own (it will give you a false reading)

Question 15

Cardiac ouput (Q) is equal to:
a. SV x HR
b. SV x BP
c. BP x HR
d. HR x BP

Answer 15

a. SV x HR
(Stroke volume x Heart Rate)

Question 16

Why is delivering oxygen to body tissues (muscles) so important?

Answer 16

Oxygen is required by the body to produce energy (ATP) through aerobic metabolism.

Question 17

What does the body do deliver more oxygen to muscles during exercise?

Answer 17

The heart rate and stroke volume increases which increases the cardiac output and oxygen that is carried to the muscles.
The rate of respiration also increases to meet the demand for additional oxygen.

Question 18

Why is it important to have a warm-up before exercise?

Answer 18

If exercise intensity is increased too quickly, the increased demand for oxygen may be too high and may result in dizziness.
A warm-up gradually prepares the body for an increased demand in oxygen.

Question 19

Why is it important to have an active recovery period (moderate exercise) after an intense workout?

Answer 19

Active recovery assists the heart and circulatory system in redistributing blood to all parts of the body.
PTS should encourage clients to
* reduce the intensity of the exercise
* reduce range of motion
* instruct clients to begin an active recovery (moderate exercise such as walking, stretching

Question 20

what are the benefits of cardio-respiratory training?

Answer 20

• Reduce risk of heart disease
• reduce risk of type 2 diabetes
• reduce risk of certain types of cancer

Question 21

What are Canfitpro guidelines for cardiorespiratory training?

Answer 21

Per week
* 300 minutes of moderate intensity exercise
or
* 150 minutes of vigorous intensity exercise

Question 22

What is FITT formula

Answer 22

It is the
* frequency
* intensity
* time
* type
of exercise to achieve fitness goals

Question 23

FITT - what is the **frequency **for optimal (best) cardiorespiratory training effects

Answer 23

• three to five training sessions per week

Question 24

FITT: what intensity is required for optimal cardiorespiratory training effects.

Answer 24

The best measure for optimal intensity is the client’s heart rate during exercise. The maximum heart rate for a person is commonly measured as follows
HRmax = 220 - age
Example of a 23 year old:
220 - 23 = HR (beats per minute = 197)
The recommended intensity falls between 55% and 90% of HRmax - commonly called as the target heart rate training zone
eg.
Lower target = 197 x .55 = 108 (HR beats per minute)
Upper target = 197 x .90 = 177 (HR beats per minutes). *

Question 25

FITT: optimal time (duration) of a workout

Answer 25

Research shows that health imporves with approximately 20 to 30 minutes of exercise in the target HR zone

Question 26

FITT: optimal type of workout

Answer 26

To maximize a client’s success you must choose activities the client enjoys for cardio-respiratory fitness.

Many clients prefer activities that are continuous in nature such as:
walking, swimming, running, stepping, cycling, tennis, squash, basketball, cross-country skiing, interval workouts, skating, treadmills, stair climbers and cross trainers.

Question 27

The value of 3.5 ml/kg/min represents the volume of oxygen consumed by the body
a). at rest
b) during steady state exercise
c) during vigorous exercise
d during body-weight-supported exercise

Answer 27

a) at rest

Question 28

Which of the following is the most accurate description for the acronym RPE?
a) rate of physical exertion, the primary method of designing exercise intensity
b) rate of perceived exertion, the primary method of designing exercise intensity
c) rate of physical exertion, closely related to the client’s heart rate
d) rate of perceived exertion, closely related to the client’s heart rate

Answer 28

RPE = Rate of perceived exertion on a scale of 1 to 10. Ask client to estimate the intensity of the exercise they are performing on a scale of 1 to 10

Answer:
d) rate of perceived exertion, closely related to the client’s heart rate.