Chapter 3 - Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
It is the energy molecule that the body uses as energy for exercise or activity.
What is Energy in Bioenergetics?
The ability for the body to do physical work.
What is metabolism?
The sum of all chemical reactions in the body that uses and creates energy. Metabolism takes chemical energy (Food) to create mechanical energy (muscle contraction).
What is the molecule that the body creates in metabolism?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
What is anaerobic Metabolism?
It is when the body creates ATP (energy molecule) through a chemical reaction and without the use of oxygen.
Anaerobic metabolism happens when short bursts of high intensity exercise occurs.
What is aerobic metabolism?
It is when the body creates ATP (energy molecule) with the use of oxygen.
Aerobic metabolism occurs while the body is at rest, or during steady-state exercise (eg. a long distance hike)
What are the four Energy systems the body uses to create ATP?
in other words, what are the four ways the body metabolises food to create energy?
- ATP-CP (phosphagen) system
- Anaerobic (glycolytic system)
- Aerobic (glycolytic system)
- Fatty acid oxidation system
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How does ATP-CP (phospagen) system create ATP?
- uses stored ATP and CP in the muscle to create energy.
- FAstest way for the body to create ATP and provides fuel for up to 10 seconds at maximal intensity.
- Used primarily by the body at the start-up of an intense exercise.
- it is an anaerobic Metabolic system (does not use oxygen)
- ATP produced : 1 ATP per molecule of CP
How Anaerobic (Glycolytic) system create ATP?
- the muscle uses Glycogen and glucose (sugar) stored in the body to create ATP
- produces ATP for up to two minutes at maximal intensity
- but because there is no supply of oxygen It also produces a by-product called Lactic Acid.
- Lactic Acid causes the burning sensation in the muscle after high-intensity excercise
- too much Lactic Acid causes temporary muscle failure.
- It is an anaerobic metabolic system (Does not use oxygen)
- ATP produced: 2 to 3 ATP per glucose molecule
How does the Aerobic (Glycolyctic) system create ATP?
- the muscle uses glycogen and glucose to create ATP
- because there is a sufficient supply of oxygen, it does not produce lactic acid. instead the muscle can use the available oxygen to produce additional ATP.
- primarily used when the body is doing long, continuous moderate to low intensity exercise
- it is an aerobic metabolic system (uses oxygen)
- ATP produced: 38 ATP per glucose molecule
How does Fatty Acid oxidation System produce ATP?
- muscle uses fatty acids (fat cells) to produce ATP.
- Fatty acids require a large amount of oxygen to metabolize and become energy
- primarily used by the body for long duration, low intensity exercise (ex. long distance running) or when the body is at rest or not exercising.
- It is an aerobic metabolic system (uses oxygen)
- 100 or more ATP per fatty acid molecule
What is homeostatis?
When the body creates enough ATP (energy molecules) to meet the demand for the body to move (energy) - this state is called homeostatis.
what causes oxygen deficit?
At the beginning of an exercise session, the body does not have the required oxygen to maintain energy needs of the increased level of activity. this is oxygen deficit.
The heart rate increases and your breathing increases so that your body can create more ATP to meet the demand of your workout.
What is EPOC ?
Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (it means you keep breathing hard even after you complete an exercise)
Describe the relationshiop between metabolism and the energy used for muscle contraction. (muscle contraction means your body is moving)
Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body that creates energy. Chemical energy (Food) is converted into mechanical energy (muscle contraction).
Energy is required to support the ability for the body to do physical work.
