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psychology 104 > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

circadian rhythms

A 
controlled by brain
within 24 hr period high to low points of bodily functions 
ex. hormones
2-7 am alertness drops
2-5pm alertness drops
4-5am when body temp is the lowest 
5-8 highest body temp 37
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2
Q

ultradian rhythm

A

biological patterns that occur more than once a day

ex. hunger, eye blinks

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3
Q

Infradian rhythm

A

exceeds 24 hr

ex. menstrual cycle

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4
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

tiny piece of brain in hypothalamus
acts as biological clock
acts on centre of brain by signalling pineal gland
affected by travel, alarm

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5
Q

Jet Lag

A

Biological clock synchronized with usual time, not new one

chronic jet lag can produce memory deficits

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6
Q

Shift Work

A

rotating shifts and irregular schedule most common

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7
Q

Subjective night

A

energy/ efficiency levels are low
biological clock says sleep
slower reaction time

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8
Q

NREM sleep

A

no rapid eye movement
quiet sleep
heart rate and respiration slow
little body movement

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9
Q

REM

A 
rapid eye movement 
active sleep
20-25% of adult sleep 
intense brain activity and brain temp increases
large muscles become paralyzed
heart rate rises and respiration faster
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10
Q

Larks 25% of people

A

body temp rise 7:30 pm early to bed

more difficulty with night shifts

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11
Q

Owls 25% of people

A

Body temp rises gradually through the day drops late in evening

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12
Q

REM dreams

A

vivd dreams
continuous during each REM period
more emotional

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13
Q

NREM dreams

A

mental activity during NREM sleep

more thought like in quality

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14
Q

short sleepers

A

20% of population

less than 6 hours of sleep

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15
Q

long sleepers

A

10% of population

more than 9 hours of sleep

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16
Q

sleepwalking (somnambulism)

A

eyes open blank stare

shuffle poor coordination, speech is unintelligible

17
Q

sleep terror

A

often begins with piercing scream

panic lasts 5-15min

18
Q

Nightmares

A

frightening dreams during REM sleep

anxiety, fever, drug withdrawal

19
Q

sleep talking (somniloquoy)

A

occurs during any sleep stage
more frequent in children
mumble no talking or responding

20
Q

Narcolepsy

A

incurable sleep disorder
excessive daytime sleepiness
uncontrollable attacks of REM sleep

21
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

sleep periods when breathing stops
individual must awaken briefly to breathe
alcohol and drug use aggreviate

22
Q

Insomnia

A

difficulty falling and staying asleep
sleep is light, restless or poor quality
13.4% of canadians over age of 15

23
Q

Meditation

A

focus attention on object breathing body movement to block out all distractions
altered state of consciousness
helps individuals with depression
yoga, zen, transcendent meditation

24
Q

Hypnosis

A

trance like state of concentrated and focused attention
heightened suggestibility diminished response to external stimuli
suspend usual rational and logical ways of thinking

25
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

alter normal mental functioning mood, perception, and thought
some legal, most not
controlled substances used medically
trigger dopamine

26
Q

drug dependence

A

physical drug dependence
compulsive pattern
user develops tolerance
unpleasant withdrawal symptoms

27
Q

Drug tolerance

A

user progressively less affected
larger doses necessary to achieve some effect
larger doses necessary to maintain some effects 4 factors

28
Q

stimulants (uppers)

A 
speed up CNS 
suppress appetite feel more awake
legal stimulations caffeine nicotine
controlled stimulants amphetamines 
illegal stimulants cocaine
29
Q

Amphetamines (stimulants)

A 
increases arousal
relieves fatigue
suppress appetite
gives energy
more 100g gives bad effects
withdrawals exhausted depression hunger
overdoses hemorages
30
Q

cocaine (stimulant)

A 
from coca leaves 
euphoria then crash
reward system don't function normally 
withdrawal wanting to do more to feel pleasure
raises blood pressure
31
Q

Hallucinogens

A

pyschedelics
alter perception and mood
can cause hallucinations
enhance mood you’re in

32
Q

LSD

A

trips 10-12 hrs
vivd hallucinations and distortions
flashback= recurrence of trip

33
Q

Ecstasy (MDMA)

A

designer drug
joyous state
can impair cognitive functions (memory, talking, self control, analytic thought

34
Q

Marijuana

A

relaxation and giddiness
perceptions distortions and hallucinations
THC 13 main pyschoactive

35
Q

Depressants (downers)

A

decrease activity CNS
slow down bodily functions
reduce sensitivity to outside stimulation

36
Q

Alcohol

A 
relaxes than depresses CNS 
CNS depressant used as sedative
sleeping pills 
minor tranquilizers
impair memory
37
Q

Narcotics

A 
opium poppy (morphine, codeine)
means stupor
relieves pain : calming effect
Heroin highly addictive narcotic derived from morphine withdrawal comes quick
obstructs bowels
38
Q

Drugs effect the brain

A

increase neurotransmitters dopamine
after nucleus accumbers in brain limbic system
role in reinforcement and reward
consequence of addiction in life

psychology 104 (6 decks)

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