Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Define cell

A

basic unit of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define chemical reaction

A

changes the compostition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define enzyme

A

protein that speeds up chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define anabolism

A

buildup of larger molecules from smaller ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is dehydration synthesis

A

water is produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what to amino acids do

A

used to make proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define catabolism

A

break down of larger molecules into smaller ones and release energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define hydrolysis

A

splits a water molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or False: Nerve, muscle, or blood cells carry out distinctive chemical reacitons

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do enzymes work

A

they lower the activation energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define substrate

A

each very specific reacting only on a particular chemcial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does a substrate act

A

acts like a lock and a key

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the speed of reaction depend on

A

the number of enzyme and substrate molecules in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can enzymes be denatured

A

exposure to heat, radiation, electricity, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define energy

A

ability to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define oxidation

A

cells burn glucose molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is most of oxidation’s energy lost to

A

heat or light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define cellular respiration

A

cells burning glucose to make ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define ATP

A

energy molecule

20
Q

Define glycolysis

A

the breaking of glucose not requiring oxygen

21
Q

Define anaerobic

A

not requiring oxygen

22
Q

What is the citric acid cycle

A

produced pyruvic acid enters aerobic respiration

23
Q

define aerobic

A

requires oxygen

24
Q

What does the mitochondria do

A

produces ATP

25
Q

what is the electron transport chain

A

high energy electrons are passed from enzyme to enzyme and then converts them to ATP

26
Q

How much ATP is yields

A

36 ATP

27
Q

How much ATP does a glucose molecule produce

A

38 ATP

28
Q

Define metabolic pathway

A

a sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions

29
Q

What does DNA do

A

determines who you are

30
Q

Define genes

A

portions of DNA that contains the genetic information for making proteins

31
Q

What is a genome

A

all of the DNA in a cell

32
Q

Waht are the 4 types of nucleotides

A

adenine
thymine
cytosine
guanine

33
Q

Which nucleotides pair with each other

A

A and T pair

C and G pair

34
Q

What organisms sequence isn’t different

A

identical twins

35
Q

When are DNA molecules replicated

A

during interphase

36
Q

How does DNA get copied

A

DNA strands unzip by breaking the hydrogen bonds, DNA polymerase brings nucleotides in to pair strands, forms 2 identical strands

37
Q

What are mutations

A

altering DNA

38
Q

Are most mutations harmful

A

no

39
Q

Define genetic code

A

correspondence of gene and protein building block sequence

40
Q

Define transcription

A

making of RNA

41
Q

what does the messenger RNA do

A

carries molecules to ribosomes for transcription

42
Q

How does RNA differ from DNA

A
  1. one strand instead of 2
  2. contains sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose
  3. contains uracil instead of thymine
43
Q

Define codons

A

3 base sequence

44
Q

Define translation

A

code for amino acids

45
Q

What is transferRNA

A

aligns amino acids

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions