Chapter 4 Flashcards
Define cell
basic unit of life
define chemical reaction
changes the compostition
define enzyme
protein that speeds up chemical reactions
define anabolism
buildup of larger molecules from smaller ones
what is dehydration synthesis
water is produced
what to amino acids do
used to make proteins
define catabolism
break down of larger molecules into smaller ones and release energy
define hydrolysis
splits a water molecule
True or False: Nerve, muscle, or blood cells carry out distinctive chemical reacitons
True
How do enzymes work
they lower the activation energy
Define substrate
each very specific reacting only on a particular chemcial
How does a substrate act
acts like a lock and a key
What does the speed of reaction depend on
the number of enzyme and substrate molecules in the cell
How can enzymes be denatured
exposure to heat, radiation, electricity, etc.
Define energy
ability to do work
define oxidation
cells burn glucose molecules
What is most of oxidation’s energy lost to
heat or light
Define cellular respiration
cells burning glucose to make ATP
define ATP
energy molecule
Define glycolysis
the breaking of glucose not requiring oxygen
Define anaerobic
not requiring oxygen
What is the citric acid cycle
produced pyruvic acid enters aerobic respiration
define aerobic
requires oxygen
What does the mitochondria do
produces ATP
