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Human Anatomy > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

define cell

A

basic unit of life

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2
Q

How many cells are estimated to make up the human body

A

75 trillion

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3
Q

what 3 basic parts do all cells usually all have

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

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4
Q

Define selectively permeable

A

only lets certain material in or out

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5
Q

Give 2 facts about the cell membrane

A

selectively permeable

made of mostly lipids

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6
Q

Give 2 facts about cytoplasm

A

looks like clear jelly with specks in it

organelles are found inside

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7
Q

Give 2 facts about the endoplasmic reticulum

A

transports molecules

has smooth and rough

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8
Q

What is the job of ribosomes

A

makes proteins

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9
Q

What is the job of the golgi apparatus

A

refines, delivers, and packages proteins

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10
Q

What is the job of the mitochondria

A

produce ATP

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11
Q

What is the job of peroxisomes

A

breaks down material

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12
Q

What is the job of microfilaments and microtublues

A

form cytoskeleton and certain structures for motility

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13
Q

Define motility

A

movement

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14
Q

What is the job of the centrosome

A

moving chromosomes during mitosis

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15
Q

What are cilia and flagella

A

motile extensions

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16
Q

What is the job of vesicles

A

mainly for storage

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17
Q

What does the nucleus store

A

DNA

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18
Q

Give 2 facts about the cell nucleus

A

houses DNA

directs all cell activities

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19
Q

What are passive mechanisms

A

don’t require energy

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20
Q

Define diffusion

A

going from high to low concentration not using ATP

21
Q

What is equilibrium

A

equal on both sides

22
Q

How is the only way diffusion can occur

A

cell membrane is permeable and the concentration gradient exists for high to low movement

23
Q

Define dialysis

A

using the process of diffusion in an artificial kidney

24
Q

Define osmosis

A

diffusion of water

25
Q

Define isotonic

A

equal

26
Q

Define hypertonic

A

high pressure in

27
Q

Define hypotonic

A

low pressure in

28
Q

Define filtration

A

separating substances from solutions

29
Q

What is edema

A

swelling

30
Q

What are active mechanisms

A

does require energy

31
Q

define active transport

A

moving from low to high concentration using ATP

32
Q

How much of a cells energy can be used on active transport

A

40%

33
Q

What is pinocytosis and phagocytosis

A

pino- cell drinking

phago- cell eating

34
Q

What do white blood cells do

A

destroy germs

35
Q

Define exocytosis

A

releasing molecules

36
Q

Define cell cycle

A

series of changes that a cell undergoes until it divides

37
Q

How do cells know how to stop dividing

A

a built in clock

38
Q

Define interphase

A

normal growth to prepare for division

39
Q

Give 2 facts about interphase

A

there are 3 phases

most importantly replicates DNA

40
Q

What are the 2 ways cells can divide

A

meosis- formation of egg and sperm which cuts number of chromosomes in half
mitosis- divides nucleus in steps

41
Q

Describe the 4 steps of mitosis

A

Prophase- chromosomes become visible from chromatids
Metaphase- chromosomes line up in the middle
Anaphase- spindle fibers pull centromeres apart
Telophase- chromosomes are pulled to poles

42
Q

Define cytokinesis

A

division of cytoplasm

43
Q

Where is the only place cells come from

A

preexisting cells

44
Q

Define differentiation

A

process of cells specializing

45
Q

What do stem cells do

A

retain the ability to divide repeatedly without specializing

46
Q

Define apoptosis and give an example

A

form of cell death

ex. sunburn

47
Q

Define cancer

A

mitosis gone wild

48
Q

Define hyperplasia

A

uncontrolled cell division

49
Q

Define mutation

A

change in DNA

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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