Chapter 3

Question 1

define cell

Answer 1

basic unit of life

Question 2

How many cells are estimated to make up the human body

Answer 2

75 trillion

Question 3

what 3 basic parts do all cells usually all have

Answer 3

cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

Question 4

Define selectively permeable

Answer 4

only lets certain material in or out

Question 5

Give 2 facts about the cell membrane

Answer 5

selectively permeable

made of mostly lipids

Question 6

Give 2 facts about cytoplasm

Answer 6

looks like clear jelly with specks in it

organelles are found inside

Question 7

Give 2 facts about the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

transports molecules

has smooth and rough

Question 8

What is the job of ribosomes

Answer 8

makes proteins

Question 9

What is the job of the golgi apparatus

Answer 9

refines, delivers, and packages proteins

Question 10

What is the job of the mitochondria

Answer 10

produce ATP

Question 11

What is the job of peroxisomes

Answer 11

breaks down material

Question 12

What is the job of microfilaments and microtublues

Answer 12

form cytoskeleton and certain structures for motility

Question 13

Define motility

Answer 13

movement

Question 14

What is the job of the centrosome

Answer 14

moving chromosomes during mitosis

Question 15

What are cilia and flagella

Answer 15

motile extensions

Question 16

What is the job of vesicles

Answer 16

mainly for storage

Question 17

What does the nucleus store

Answer 17

DNA

Question 18

Give 2 facts about the cell nucleus

Answer 18

houses DNA

directs all cell activities

Question 19

What are passive mechanisms

Answer 19

don’t require energy

Question 20

Define diffusion

Answer 20

going from high to low concentration not using ATP

Question 21

What is equilibrium

Answer 21

equal on both sides

Question 22

How is the only way diffusion can occur

Answer 22

cell membrane is permeable and the concentration gradient exists for high to low movement

Question 23

Define dialysis

Answer 23

using the process of diffusion in an artificial kidney

Question 24

Define osmosis

Answer 24

diffusion of water

Question 25

Define isotonic

Answer 25

equal

Question 26

Define hypertonic

Answer 26

high pressure in

Question 27

Define hypotonic

Answer 27

low pressure in

Question 28

Define filtration

Answer 28

separating substances from solutions

Question 29

What is edema

Answer 29

swelling

Question 30

What are active mechanisms

Answer 30

does require energy

Question 31

define active transport

Answer 31

moving from low to high concentration using ATP

Question 32

How much of a cells energy can be used on active transport

Answer 32

40%

Question 33

What is pinocytosis and phagocytosis

Answer 33

pino- cell drinking | phago- cell eating

Question 34

What do white blood cells do

Answer 34

destroy germs

Question 35

Define exocytosis

Answer 35

releasing molecules

Question 36

Define cell cycle

Answer 36

series of changes that a cell undergoes until it divides

Question 37

How do cells know how to stop dividing

Answer 37

a built in clock

Question 38

Define interphase

Answer 38

normal growth to prepare for division

Question 39

Give 2 facts about interphase

Answer 39

there are 3 phases | most importantly replicates DNA

Question 40

What are the 2 ways cells can divide

Answer 40

meosis- formation of egg and sperm which cuts number of chromosomes in half mitosis- divides nucleus in steps

Question 41

Describe the 4 steps of mitosis

Answer 41

Prophase- chromosomes become visible from chromatids Metaphase- chromosomes line up in the middle Anaphase- spindle fibers pull centromeres apart Telophase- chromosomes are pulled to poles

Question 42

Define cytokinesis

Answer 42

division of cytoplasm

Question 43

Where is the only place cells come from

Answer 43

preexisting cells

Question 44

Define differentiation

Answer 44

process of cells specializing

Question 45

What do stem cells do

Answer 45

retain the ability to divide repeatedly without specializing

Question 46

Define apoptosis and give an example

Answer 46

form of cell death | ex. sunburn

Question 47

Define cancer

Answer 47

mitosis gone wild

Question 48

Define hyperplasia

Answer 48

uncontrolled cell division

Question 49

Define mutation

Answer 49

change in DNA