Chapter 4 Flashcards
The process of physical development, including development of the nervous system, is directed by ______.
Genes
Which figure from ancient Greece speculated that semen contained some sort of formulation for offspring?
Hippocrates
Heredity must involve the passing on of specific “organic factors,” not a simple blending of the parents’ characteristics. This best describe which of the follow experiments?
Mendel’s
The specific genetic makeup of a person is his or her ____
Genotype
Geneticists use the term
phenotype_______ to describe a person’s observable characteristics.
Phenotype
Both a person’s _______ and their environment influence their behaviour.
genes
The term ______ describes the specific genetic makeup of the person; the term ______ describes the person’s observable characteristics.
Genotype, Phenotype
What did Gregor Mendel use to explore genetics?
Garden Peas
Who first demonstrated that heredity involves the passing on of specific organic characteristics?
Mendel
A person’s specific genetic make up is his or her
Genotype
An individual’s observable characteristics that can be affected both by other genes and by the environment is the ______.
Phenotype
True or false: Chromosomes consist of two long, twisted strands of DNA, the chemical that carries genetic information.
True
The DNA portion of the chromosome carries the _____.
Genes
A typical somatic cell has _____pairs of chromosomes within it.
23
How many chromosomes are in a sex cell?
23
A double stranded, tightly coiled molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a _________
chromosome
Alternative forms of a gene that produce different characteristics are called
_________
Alleles
Which of the following is true of DNA?
DNA transmits instructions for cellular functioning.
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
DNA is an alternative form of a gene.
DNA is made up of chromosomes
DNA transmits instructions for cellular functioning.
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
Genes code for the production of
proteins
How many chromosomes are in a regular cell?
46
How many chromosomes are in a human egg or sperm cell?
23
If a gene is
_______the characteristics it controls will be displayed.
dominant
When a number of gene pairs combine their influences to create a single phenotypic trait it is known as polygenic________
Transmission
The term
_________ was first used to described lasting changes that were not due to genetic changes, but rather to changes around the genes.
epigentics
A study described in your text involved creating a stressful environment for rat pups and then examining their brain structures later on. What brain structures appeared affected by early stressful experiences?
Hippocampus and Amygadala
The purpose of the Human Genome Project was to _____.
map the DNA of the human organism
Dark eye colour is an example of a(n)
______trait in humans.
Dominant
A(n)
________DNA procedure involves using enzymes to cut the long threadlike molecules of genetic DNA into pieces and combine them with DNA from other organisms.
recombinant
A
________procedure is used in experimental genetic manipulation to eliminate a particular function of a gene and then make observations.
knockout
A study described in your text involved creating a stressful environment for rat pups and then examining their brain structures later on. What differentiated the high stress condition in this experiment from the other groups?
Lack of beding material
The field of behaviour genetics focuses on how hereditary and environmental factors combine to influence
________characteristics.
psychological
Which project was started in 1990 by geneticists to map the DNA of the human organism?
the Human Genome Project
A __________ coefficient estimates the extent to which variation in a specific phenotypic characteristic within a group of people can be attributed to their differing genes.
heritability
Heritability estimates are higher when the people included in the research are more
similar to one another
The term”concordance rate”is used to describe _____.
trait similarity in identical and fraternal twins
The field of behaviour genetics studies genetic similarities through which of the following type of research methods?
Adoption, family, and twin studies
The field of
_______ _______ examines the relationship between heredity and environmental factors and how they influence psychological characteristics.
behavioural genetics
One statistical technique researchers use to estimate the extent to which differences among people are due to genetic differences is called a _____.
heritability coefficient
Heritability estimates are lower when the people included in the research are more
different from one another
Which of the following is true of adoption study research?
People who were adopted early in life are compared with their adoptive parents on some characteristic.
People who were adopted early in life are compared with their biological parents on some characteristic.
People who were adopted early in life are evaluated in terms of psychological adjustment.
People who were adopted early in life are compared with their adoptive parents on some characteristic.
People who were adopted early in life are compared with their biological parents on some characteristic.
In twins studies, behaviour geneticists can compare trait similarity between identical and fraternal twins by studying _____________ rates.
Concordance