Chapter 2 Flashcards
Which of the following are the necessary components of scientific investigation?
inquiry, open mindedness, skepticism
When following the scientific process, what does someone do immediately AFTER they have formed a hypothesis?
Test the hypothesis in an experiment.
A _____ is a specific prediction about a phenomenon.
hypothesis
How do theories compare to hypotheses?
Theories are broader than hypotheses.
The hindsight bias gives the impression that psychology is just ______ because after-the-fact explanations for almost any result are easy to arrive at.
common sense
What is the first step in the scientific process?
Identify a question of interest.
What is a good theory?
incorporates existing facts and observations within a single broad framework.
What is a variable
any characteristic or factor that can vary.
What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
hypothesis is an assumption made before any research has been completed for the sake of testing. A theory on the other hand is a principle set to explain phenomena already supported by data.
Plus a theory is much broader
The notion that the simplest theory is usually the correct one is known as the law of _________ or Occam’s razor.
Parsimony
What is an operational definition?
A variable in terms of the specific procedures used to produce or measure it. They translate abstract concepts into something observable and measurable.
_______-_______ measures are used to ask individuals about their own knowledge, attitudes, feelings, experiences, or behaviour.
self report
The speed with which a person responds to a stimulus is known as
reaction time
What kind of measure involves recording what people are experiencing, such as their heart-rate, blood pressure and so on?
Physiological measure
The tendency to respond in a socially acceptable manner rather than according to how one truly feels or behaves is known as which of the following?
Social desirability bias
What does it mean when researchers measure overt behaviour?
It means that the behaviour is directly observable
When observations are consistent, such as when two observers watching the same behaviour consistently agree, we can determine that it is _______
reliable
What is an unobtrusive measure?
recording behavior without participants knowing
Psychologists use ________
measures to gather information about behaviour from already existing records and documents.
archival
What does it mean when researchers measure overt behaviour?
It means that the behaviour is directly observable.
What is the MAIN advantages of using multiple measures of a variable instead of a single type of measure?
It provides a more complete picture.
In psychology, ______ research seeks to identify how humans and other animals behave, particularly in natural settings.
descriptive
An in-depth analysis of an individual, group or event is known as a
case study
Dr. Moreno is doing neuropsychological testing. Which of the following best describes the type of measurement technique Dr. Moreno is using?
Psychological testing