Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is the name of the phenomenon in which a person does an unintended, but more automatic action in place of an intended, less automatic action?
action slip
Which of the following is NOT a type of Input attention?
selective attention
Vigilance is
maintaining attention for infrequent events over a long period of time.
Memory for information and for the moment new information was encoded, like memorizing a list of definitions, is called
explicit
The physical aspect of redirecting attention towards an unexpected stimulus is called ________; where as the mental aspect of spontaneously redirecting attention is referred to as _______.
orienting response; attention capture
The tick-tock of the office clock used to bother and distract Gabi from focusing on her work. After a couple of days, she no longer notices the clock sounds and is able to concentrate. Gabi has experienced the process of
habituation
Mind-wandering is most likely to occur when
a person is not fully engaged in a task
The cause of this disorder arises from an inability to disengage attention, hence disrupting the process of shifting attention to the opposite side of the perceptual world.
hemineglect
Inhibition is
actively suppressing irrelevant information so that its activation level is below baseline.
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for a Automaticity?
the process must contain at least one attentional blink
the mental energy or resource necessary for completing mental processes, believed to be limited in quantity and under the control of some executive control mechanism
attention
when processing visual information, such as a scene or objects, one can focus attention on either the larger whole that the parts make up, or the smaller elements that make up the whole.
global-location distinction
a collection of brain structures that tend to be more active when a person is at rest and not thinking about anything in particular. Hence, it is the part of the brain that is more active by default
default mode network
occurring without conscious awareness or intention and consuming little, if any, of the available mental resources
automatic, automaticity
the basic processes of getting sensory information into the cognitive system
input attention
the nervous system must be awake, responsive, and able to interact with the environment. Arousal is a necessary precondition for most cognitive processing. The system must be aroused to pay attention
alertness and arousal
involving conscious processing, conscious awareness that a task is being performed, and usually conscious awareness of the outcome of that performance
explicit processing
processing in which there is no necessary involvement of conscious awareness
implicit processing
complete the stems (e.g., D______ K) to form a complete word, generally the first word that comes to mind (e.g., DUCK)
word stem completion task
the reflexive redirection of attention that orients you toward the unexpected stimulus
orienting reflex
the spontaneous redirection of attention to stimuli in the world based on physical characteristics
attention capture
input attention
visual attention
a gradual reduction of the orienting response back to baseline
habituation
a rapid attentional mechanism operating in parallel and automatically across the visual field, especially for detecting simple visual features
spotlight attention
search a spatial display of items
visual search
in visual search, when a target item is highly discriminable from the distractor items, the attentional search mechanisms use a basic rapid attentional mechanism that operates in parallel across the visual field in a highly automatic fashion. The resulting visual search function is quite fast overall and shows only a minimal, if any, effect of set size
pop-out effect
a process in which recently checked locations are mentally marked by attention as places that the search process would not return to
inhibition of return
the deliberate, voluntary allocation of mental effort or concentration
controlled attention
the ability to attend to one source of information while ignoring or excluding other ongoing messages
selective attention
especially in auditory perception, unwanted, unattended messages are filtered or screened out so that only the attended message is encoded into the central processing mechanism
filtering; selecting
a method in which two tasks are performed simultaneously, such that the attentional and processing demands of one or both tasks can be assessed and varied. Dual task methodology is commonly used in studies of attention and attention-dependent mental processing
dual task method
selecting one message in a crowded, noisy environment
cocktail party effect
selection or filtering based on early phases of perception
early selection
selection or filtering based on the meaning and importance of information
late selection
slower to respond to the target trials when they were preceded by irrelevant distractor primes compared to control trials where the ignored objects on the prime trial was an unrelated item
negative priming
a delay in a second decision or response cycle if it is required immediately after a preceding decision
psychological refractory period
a brief slowdown in mental processing due to having another very recent event
attentional blink
occurring without conscious awareness or intention and consuming little, if any, of the available mental resources
automaticity
mental processing that is intentional, involves conscious awareness, and consumes mental resources
conscious processing
unintended, often automatic, actions that are inappropriate for the current situation
action slips
the situation in which a person’s attention and thoughts wander from the current task to some other, inappropriate line of thoughts
mind wandering
