Chapter 11

Question 1

Consider this problem. What does it represent?

Premise 1: If it is a weekend, Mark is sailing.

Premise 2: Mark is sailing

Conclusion: It is a weekend.

Answer 1

Denying the antecedent

Question 2

The study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the perceived characteristics of those stimuli; the study of how perceptual experience differs from the physical stimulation being perceived.

Answer 2

psychophysics

Question 3

The amount of change required for people to detect the change.

Answer 3

JnD

Question 4

Making judgments about which is smaller - a “1” or a “2” - versus - a “1” or a “4” - will illustrate the

Answer 4

symbolic distance effect.

Question 5

Heuristic is

Answer 5

an informal “rule of thumb” method not necessarily guaranteed to solve the problem correctly.

Question 6

What is the name of the heuristic in which we judge the likelihood of some event by deciding how much that event seems to be like the larger group or population from which it was drawn?

Answer 6

Representativeness heuristic

Question 7

The availability heuristic states that

Answer 7

people judge the frequency or probability of an event based on how easily examples can be remembered.

Question 8

This term is defined as “people’s misconceptions of the physical world, in particular their understanding of the principles of motion.”

Answer 8

Naive physics

Question 9

The only two valid conclusions from conditional reasoning are _________ the antecedent and _________ the consequent.

Answer 9

affirming; denying

Question 10

A syllogism is _________ if the conclusion follows logically from the premises.

Answer 10

valid