Chapter 4

Question 1

states

Answer 1

dynamic conditions of a person evident in what he or she thinks, feels, or acts

Question 2

ethics

Answer 2

set of principles or standards that differentiate right from wrong

Question 3

What are ethical and unethical behaviour influenced y?

Answer 3

individual attributes and by the organizational context in which the individual works

Question 4

level of moral development

Answer 4

state or level of a person’s moral reasoning

Question 5

describe the three levels of moral development from least developed to most developed

Answer 5

Preconventional: “What’s in it for me?”–what is being rewarded/punished

Conventional: “What is everyone else doing?”–societal norms or external standards

Post-conventional: “What are the relevant principles?” (Kant’s principles)

Question 6

moral point of view

Answer 6

framework of values we use to develop our internally consistent and logically justified principles and standards of right and wrong

Question 7

moral point of view influences what

Answer 7

our ethical decision making

Question 8

consequentialist theory

Answer 8

considers the consequences of an action when determining what is ethical
beneficial outcomes: ethical
harmful outcomes: unethical

Question 9

utilitarianism

Answer 9

moral philosophy that holds that ethical managers strive to produce “the greatest good for the greatest number”–utility= benefits-costs

Question 10

egoism

Answer 10

moral philosophy based on “what benefits me the most”

-utility depends on consequences for individual decision maker

Question 11

conventional OB follows what moral point of view

Answer 11

consequentialist where “good” means wealth or money

–to maximize wealth, embrace individualism

Question 12

what does sustainable OB draw from (theory)

Answer 12

virtue theory
-purpose is to maximize happiness by practising virtues (good ways of acting that are noble or have value regardless of consequences) in the community

Question 13

What are some virtues of sustainable OB

Answer 13

welfare of others

balance/sustain centrism

Question 14

sustaincentrism

Answer 14

perspective promoting balance between human and ecological concerns in organizational endeavours

Question 15

ethical climate

Answer 15

describes the informal shared perceptions of what are appropriate practices and procedures

Question 16

an ethical climate can promote these things

Answer 16

egoism, benevolence (concern for others), or principles (laws and policies)

Question 17

when an ethical climate promotes ___, unethical behaviour can arise

Answer 17

egoism

Question 18

ethical culture

Answer 18

formal and informal systems aimed at influencing the ethical behaviour of org members

Question 19

code of ethics

Answer 19

formal written statement of an organization’s primary values and the ethical rules it expects its members to follow

Question 20

What is the conventional approach to ethics

Answer 20

• identify and punish unethical behaviour (fairly)

- deter unethical behaviour with threat of punishment

Question 21

What is the sustainable approach to ethics

Answer 21

• deter unethical behavior through promotion of positive behavior
• promotes broader set of ethical behaviours for multiple stakeholders

Question 22

teleopathy

Answer 22

an addiction to the unbalanced pursuit of a single goal

Question 23

attitudes

Answer 23

summary evaluations of a particular object or person

Question 24

ABC framework

Answer 24

attitudes consist of affect (how you feel about it), behavioural intentions (what you plan to do) and cognitions (what you think about it)

Question 25

job satisfaction affects ______

Answer 25

performance, but effect varies based on importance of job to person

Question 26

job involvement

Answer 26

the extent to which a person thinks about, is immersed in, and is concerned about his or her job

Question 27

Where does workplace commitment originate from?

Answer 27

1. Attitudes (affective commitments–I want to)
2. Obligations (normative commitments–i ought to)
3. Limited alternatives (continuance commitments–I have to)

Question 28

organizational commitment

Answer 28

can lower turnover and increase productivity

Question 29

What kind of commitment is the best/leads to most motivated individuals?

Answer 29

affective commitment

Question 30

perceptions

Answer 30

subjective interpretations we give to information and messages we reveive from sensory inputs

Question 31

What influences perceptions

Answer 31

the way perceiver categorizes “target actor” and way target actor behaves

Question 32

person’s perceptions related to interpreting behaviour=

Answer 32

attributions

Question 33

impression management

Answer 33

actor’s active attempt to limit or influence the information that the perceiver receives

Question 34

What are some perceptual errors or biases (6)

Answer 34

• representativeness
• anchoring and adjustment
• halo/horn effects
• availability
• selective perception
• fundamental attribution error

Question 35

cognitive dissonance

Answer 35

uncomfortable mental state we experience if a current perception, belief, or behaviour conflicts with a past perception, deeply held belief or previous behaviour

Question 36

emotional labour

Answer 36

display and management of appropriate emotion as part of fulfilling job responsibilities

Question 37

emotional intelligence

Answer 37

innate or developed capability to recognize, manage, and excercise emotions in relationships

Question 38

What are the 4 components of emotional intelligence

Answer 38

self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management

Question 39

What are some ways to detoxify work situations? (5)

Answer 39

focused listening, create breathing room, buffer the pain, remove the problem, transform the problem

Question 40

def. perception error/bias where you assess something based on its similarity to a typical person or experience instead of on the unique characteristics of the current situation

Answer 40

representativeness

Question 41

def. perception error/bias where you failing to sufficiently adjust judgment from an initial impression, even if the face of contrary evidence

Answer 41

anchoring and adjustment

Question 42

def. perception error/bias where you use one piece of known information (good or bad) to influence general perceptions

Answer 42

halo/horn effects

Question 43

def. perception error/bias where you rely on memorable information (dramatic or recent) to make judgments

Answer 43

availability

Question 44

def. perception error/bias where you screen out information that contradicts an existing perception

Answer 44

selective perception

Question 45

def. perception error/bias where you attribute the source of another’s behaviour or performance to personal factors instead of to the situation itself

Answer 45

fundamental attribution error