Chapter 4 Flashcards
Which of the following is found in all cells?
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Genetic material
Plasma membrane
Identify the scientists who are credited with the cell theory.
Schleiden and Schwann
What theory is the unifying foundation of cell biology?
Cell Theory
Based on cell structure, all life forms can be placed into two categories called ___ and ____
eukaryotic
prokaryotic
What is found in all cells?
Ribosomes
Main points of the cell theory?
Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell.
Cells are the smallest living things.
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Bacterial cells are encased by a strong cell wall of peptidoglycan. Which of the following accurately describes peptidoglycan?
Carbohydrate matrix cross-linked by short polypeptide units
Archaea differ from bacteria in which of the following ways?
They lack peptidoglycan.
The functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?
Protein synthesis
Protein sorting
Glycoprotein synthesis
Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?
Storage of calcium
Steroid synthesis
Assembly of membrane lipids
The core of lipid droplets could contain which of the following lipids?
Sterols
Triglycerides
What enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide to harmless substances in peroxisomes?
Catalase
Which of the following structures of the endomembrane system is not matched properly?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Ca2+ storage
Rationale:
This is a function of the SMOOTH endoplasmic reticulum.
Functions that include glycoprotein production and protein sorting are characteristic of the _____ endoplasmic reticulum.
rough
Functions that include steroid synthesis and assembly of membrane lipids are characteristic of the ____ endoplasmic reticulum.
smooth
What are similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts
Presence of DNA
Presence of protein synthesizing ribosomes
Hydrophobic lipids are made soluble int he cytoplasm by being coated with _______.
phospholipid
The central ______ of a plant cell is involved in maintaining the tonicity of the cell.
vacuole
What does the mitochondrial matrix refer to?
The compartment inside of the inner membrane
The functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum include?
Protein sorting
Glycoprotein synthesis
Protein synthesis
What term describes a relationship, in which a smaller cell lives inside a larger cell?
Endosymbiosis
Which part of the cell’s primary function is to support cell shape and anchor organelles to fixed locations?
Cytoskeleton
Peroxisomes contain the enzyme catalase that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and _____.
water
The fibers of the _____ provide the scaffolding to hold certain enzymes in place in a cell.
cytoskeleton
Which fiber is involved with cellular crawling?
Actin
Another term for actin filaments is ______.
Microfilaments
Surface _____ give cells their identity. In multicellular organisms, this allows the recognition of cells that are the same tissue type.
protein
Gap junctions can typically be in the ___ ___ of a cell.
Plasma
Membrane
