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BIO 120 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the definition of M phase?

A

Mitosis

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2
Q

What is the M phases divided into?

A

Prophase

Prometaphase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

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3
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary fission

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4
Q

The German biologist, Walter Flemming, was the first to microscopically observe which of the following processes?

A

Mitosis

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5
Q

The cells of most eukaryotes have between ____ and ____ chromosomes, although some species can have hundreds or even thousands of chromosomes.

A

10

50

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6
Q

Chromatin is a complex with ~40% DNA and _____

A

~60% Protein

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7
Q

In bacterial cells, the replication of DNA begins at a specific site called the _____ of replication, and proceeds in both directions around the circular DNA until a specific _____ is reached.

A

orgin

termination

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8
Q

During DNA replication the chromosomes contract and the identical halves are called _____ _____.

A

Sister

Chromatid

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9
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary Fission

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10
Q

Typically, a dividing mammalian cell completes its cell cycle in about how many hours?

A

24 hours

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11
Q

When DNA replicates the sister chromatids are held together at their centromeres by which of the following complex of proteins?

A

Cohesins

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12
Q

During _____ which includes the G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, the cell grows and chromosomes replicate in preparation for cell division.

A

interphase

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13
Q

In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, the production of new cells follows a highly regulated sequence of growth, DNA replication, and division. This sequence is referred to as the cell _____, which consists of the G1, S, G2, and M phases.

A

Cycle

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14
Q

During the five phases of _____, the replicated genetic material is partitioned into _____ new nuclei.

A

Mitosis

two

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15
Q

Condensation of chromosomes is initiated in the ____ phase of interphase and continues until the end of prophase.

A

G2

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16
Q

While preparing to divide, the cell grows and copies its chromosomes during _____.

A

Interphase

17
Q

During prometaphase, sister chromatids attach to the spindle by their _____ , which are attached to the centromere region of each sister chromatid.

A

kinetochores

18
Q

During _____ the chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles.

A

metaphase

19
Q

The pairs of sister chromatids align themselves in a single row along a plane half-way between the poles during which of the following phases of mitosis?

A

Metaphase

20
Q

While preparing to divide, the cell grows and copies its chromosomes during which of the following stage?

A

Interphase

21
Q

The shortest stage of mitosis is _____.

A

anaphase

22
Q

During _____ the chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles.

A

metaphase

23
Q

During telophase, chromosomes uncoil to allow for gene _____.

A

expression

24
Q

A cleavage furrow is typically formed during cytokinesis in ___ cells.

A

animal

25
Q

During the stage of mitosis known as _____ , gene expression resumes, as chromosomes uncoil.

A

telophase

26
Q

Cytokinesis involves the formation of a cleavage _____ in animal cells and a cell _____ in plant cells.

A

furrow

plate

27
Q

The _____ apparatus is broken down during telophase.

A

spindle

28
Q

If necessary (e.g., if DNA is damaged), the cell cycle can be arrested at specific points called _____.

A

Checkpoints

29
Q

MPF is composed of two parts: a cyclin component and a ____ component.

A

kinase

30
Q

What enzymes control the progression of cells through the cell cycle checkpoints?

A

Cdks

31
Q

Phosphorylation within the cell cycle is performed by enzymes called

A

Cdks

32
Q

Two irreversible points in the cell cycle are replication of ___ material and ____ of sister chromatids.

A

DNA

separation

33
Q

The cell cycle of multicellular eukaryotes is regulated by several ____ and many different _____ signals.

A

Cdks

external

34
Q

A _____ is a cluster of cells that have lost control of their growing.

A

tumor

35
Q

The _____ enzymes control progression through the checkpoints in the cell cycle.

A

Cdk

36
Q

The first tumor-suppressor gene discovered as the cause of which of the following?

A

Familial cancer retinoblastoma

37
Q

Cdks are enzymes which regulate proteins within the cell cycle via ____.

A

phosphorylation

38
Q

The cell _____ of multicellular eukaryotes is regulated by Cdks and external signals.

A

cycle

BIO 120 (8 decks)

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