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BIO 120 > Chapter 3 Study Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Study Questions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

C–C and C–H bonds are best described as which of the following?

A

Nonpolar

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2
Q

A general (all-inclusive) term for organic molecules that have the same molecular formula, but that differ in their structure or in the spatial arrangement of their atoms, is

A

isomer

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3
Q

4 main groups of biological macromolecules.

A

Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins Carbohydrates

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4
Q

Glucose and fructose can be described as

A

structural isomers

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5
Q

Carbon-oxygen and carbon-nitrogen bonds are described as

A

Formed by an unequal sharing of electrons polar covalent

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6
Q

When a carbohydrate is formed by linking two monosaccharides by a condensation reaction, we get water plus which of the following?

A

A disaccharide

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7
Q

Organic molecules with the same molecular formula may exist in different forms called which of the following?

A

isomers

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8
Q

The 4 main groups of biological macromolecules are

A

nucleic acids carbohydrates proteins lipids

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9
Q

Glucose and galactose can be described as which of the following?

A

Stereoisomers

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10
Q

Long polymers made of monosaccharides that have been linked through dehydration reactions are called

A

polysaccharides

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11
Q

How are disaccharides formed?

A

Two monosaccharides are linked together through dehydration synthesis.

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12
Q

The two classes of nucleic acids are

A

DNA RNA

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13
Q

A general (all-inclusive) term for organic molecules that have the same molecular formula, but that differ in their structure or in the spatial arrangement of their atoms, is

A

isomer

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14
Q

The building blocks of nucleic acids are monomers called

A

nucleotides

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15
Q

Examples of polysaccharides.

A

Chitin Starch Cellulose Glycogen

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16
Q

Organic molecules with the same molecular formula may exist in different forms called which of the following?

A

Isomers

17
Q

What type of molecule is shown in these two diagrams?

A

Monosaccharide

18
Q

How is information stored in a molecule of DNA?

A

By varying the sequence of the four types of nucleotides that make up each strand.

19
Q

Identify functions of ATP.

A

To power the movement of cells

To power transport across cell membranes

To drive energetically unfavorable reactions

20
Q

Functions of proteins?

A

They transport ions and molecules across cell membranes.

They play a key role in the contraction of muscles.

They catalyze chemical reactions.

They provide structural support for many animal tissues.

21
Q

_____ Is often referred to as the “energy currency of the cell.” Please do not spell the entire name of the molecule, use its acronym.

A

ATP

22
Q

In general, where are nonpolar and polar amino acids found in a folded protein?

A

Non-polar - interior; polar - exterior

23
Q

What determines the function of a protein molecule?

A

Its shape

24
Q

The structure of _____ is usually discussed in terms of a hierarchy of 4 levels.

A

proteins

25
Q

What are the functions of protien?

A

They provide structural support for many animal tissues.

They transport ions and molecules across cell membranes.

They catalyze chemical reactions.

They play a key role in the contraction of muscles.

26
Q

Select amino acids that are most likely to be found in the interior of a protein.

A

Leucine

Valine

Phenylalanine

27
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino Acids

28
Q

You are studying a protein and notice that it contains two regions made of beta-sheets connected by an alpha-helix. This type of recurring structure that can be found in proteins with very different functions is called a

A

Motif

29
Q

Diseases caused by the improper folding of proteins may be due to deficiencies in ____ proteins

A

chaperone

30
Q

What is the function of chaperone proteins?

A

They help other proteins fold correctly.

31
Q

Changes in a protein’s environment can cause the protein to unfold and lose its shape in a process called _____

A

Denaturation

32
Q

List some lipids

A

Fats

Terpenes

Oils

33
Q
A

BIO 120 (8 decks)

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