Chapter 3 Study Questions Flashcards
C–C and C–H bonds are best described as which of the following?
Nonpolar
A general (all-inclusive) term for organic molecules that have the same molecular formula, but that differ in their structure or in the spatial arrangement of their atoms, is
isomer
4 main groups of biological macromolecules.
Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins Carbohydrates
Glucose and fructose can be described as
structural isomers
Carbon-oxygen and carbon-nitrogen bonds are described as
Formed by an unequal sharing of electrons polar covalent
When a carbohydrate is formed by linking two monosaccharides by a condensation reaction, we get water plus which of the following?
A disaccharide
Organic molecules with the same molecular formula may exist in different forms called which of the following?
isomers
The 4 main groups of biological macromolecules are
nucleic acids carbohydrates proteins lipids
Glucose and galactose can be described as which of the following?
Stereoisomers
Long polymers made of monosaccharides that have been linked through dehydration reactions are called
polysaccharides
How are disaccharides formed?
Two monosaccharides are linked together through dehydration synthesis.
The two classes of nucleic acids are
DNA RNA
A general (all-inclusive) term for organic molecules that have the same molecular formula, but that differ in their structure or in the spatial arrangement of their atoms, is
isomer
The building blocks of nucleic acids are monomers called
nucleotides
Examples of polysaccharides.
Chitin Starch Cellulose Glycogen
Organic molecules with the same molecular formula may exist in different forms called which of the following?
Isomers
What type of molecule is shown in these two diagrams?
Monosaccharide
How is information stored in a molecule of DNA?
By varying the sequence of the four types of nucleotides that make up each strand.
Identify functions of ATP.
To power the movement of cells
To power transport across cell membranes
To drive energetically unfavorable reactions
Functions of proteins?
They transport ions and molecules across cell membranes.
They play a key role in the contraction of muscles.
They catalyze chemical reactions.
They provide structural support for many animal tissues.
_____ Is often referred to as the “energy currency of the cell.” Please do not spell the entire name of the molecule, use its acronym.
ATP
In general, where are nonpolar and polar amino acids found in a folded protein?
Non-polar - interior; polar - exterior
What determines the function of a protein molecule?
Its shape
The structure of _____ is usually discussed in terms of a hierarchy of 4 levels.
proteins
What are the functions of protien?
They provide structural support for many animal tissues.
They transport ions and molecules across cell membranes.
They catalyze chemical reactions.
They play a key role in the contraction of muscles.
Select amino acids that are most likely to be found in the interior of a protein.
Leucine
Valine
Phenylalanine
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino Acids
You are studying a protein and notice that it contains two regions made of beta-sheets connected by an alpha-helix. This type of recurring structure that can be found in proteins with very different functions is called a
Motif
Diseases caused by the improper folding of proteins may be due to deficiencies in ____ proteins
chaperone
What is the function of chaperone proteins?
They help other proteins fold correctly.
Changes in a protein’s environment can cause the protein to unfold and lose its shape in a process called _____
Denaturation
List some lipids
Fats
Terpenes
Oils
