Chapter 2 Study Questions

Question 1

In order for an electron to move to a more distal orbital which of the following must occur?

Answer 1

Energy must be added

Question 2

Valence electrons and their interactions determine the ________ properties of an element.

Answer 2

chemical

Question 3

Subatomic particles called Input Field 1 of 1 neutrons unavailable incorrect _____can be found at various distances from the nucleus

Answer 3

electrons

Question 4

Atoms are composed of a central nucleus which is surrounded by which orbiting particles?

Answer 4

Electrons

Question 5

If two atoms belong to the same element, which of the following must be true?

Answer 5

They must have the same number of protons.

Question 6

The number and configuration of ______ determines the chemical behavior of an atom.

Answer 6

Electrons

Question 7

Where are valence electrons found?

Answer 7

In the outermost energy level only

Question 8

Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 8

Neutrons

Protons

Question 9

If two atoms have the same number of protons in their nucleus, you can conclude for sure that they

Answer 9

are atoms of the same element

Question 10

How is the crystal structure of salt formed?

Answer 10

Positively charged sodium ions are attracted to negatively charged chloride ions.

Question 11

If two atoms are joined by a polar covalent bond, the atom with the lower electronegativity will have a partial ____ charge.

Answer 11

positive

Question 12

In living organisms, almost all chemical reactions are catalyzed by protein catalysts called

Answer 12

enzymes

Question 13

A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a stable association is called which of the following?

Answer 13

molecule

Question 14

Water consists of one oxygen atom joined to two hydrogen atoms by what type of bonds?

Answer 14

covalent

Question 15

The atoms in NaCl are held together by what type of bond?

Answer 15

ionic

Question 16

Water is cohesive. Which describes this feature of water molecules?

Answer 16

They are attracted to each other.

Question 17

Atoms are composed of a central ____ which is surrounded by orbiting ____.

Answer 17

nucleus

electrons

Question 18

If two atoms are joined by a polar covalent bond, the shared electrons will tend to stay closer to the atom with which of the following characteristic?

Answer 18

The higher electronegativity

Question 19

The attraction of water to other polar substances is called

Answer 19

adhesion

Question 20

The amount of heat 1 g of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by 1°C is called

Answer 20

specific heat

Question 21

What does it mean when we say water is adhesive?

Answer 21

It is attracted to other polar molecules and ions.

Question 22

Molecules that are more polar tend to have which of the following characteristics?

Answer 22

A higher heat of vaporization

A higher specific heat

Question 23

When 1 g of sugar is dissolved in 500 mL of water, the sugar is called the Input Field 1 of 2 solute unavailable correct ____ and water is called the ____

Answer 23

solute

solovent

Question 24

Which property of water strongly affects the overall shape of many biological molecules, such as protein, and DNA?

Answer 24

Hydrophobic exclusion

Question 25

What is the charge of a hydroxide ion?

Answer 25

-1

Question 26

A substance that increases [H+] and decreases pH when it dissociates in water is called a(n)

Answer 26

acid

Question 27

A hydrogen ion, formed during the dissociation of water, has a charge of which of the following?

Answer 27

+1

Question 28

When an acid is dissolved in water, how does it change the solution’s pH?

Answer 28

It decreases the solution’s pH by releasing protons in the solution.

Question 29

A ____ is a substance or a mixture of substances that act to resist changes in pH.

Answer 29

buffer