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BIO 120 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Typically, how many cells contribute genetic material during sexual reproduction?

A

Two

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2
Q

When two haploid gametes unite, they create a diploid cell called a(n) _____

A

zygote

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3
Q

An organism is diploid when its cells carry which of the following?

A

Two sets of chromosomes

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4
Q

In sexual reproduction in eukaryotes, each parent contributes

A

one set of chromosomes to the offspring.

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5
Q

Which process is responsible for the production of the adult body of an animal from a zygote?

A

Mitosis

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6
Q

Eukaryotes that reproduce through ______ reproduction require two cells to contribute genetic material for the production of the next generation.

A

sexual

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7
Q

How many rounds of cell division are required for meiosis?

A

2

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8
Q

A zygote is created when two haploid cells, called _____, fuse.

A

haploid gametes

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9
Q

Gametes are haploid. Haploid means that the cells contain how many sets of chromosomes?

A

One

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10
Q

In sexually reproducing organisms, which type(s) of cell division requires two sequential rounds of division?

A

meiosis

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11
Q

The structure consisting of paired homologues along a lattice of proteins between them is called what?

A

Synaptonemal complex

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12
Q

A result of crossing over is genetic ____; this leads to increased genetic variation in the offspring.

A

recombination

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13
Q

During prophase I, all four chromatids of the two homologues become closely associated as a result of pairing, also known as _____.

A

synapsis

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14
Q

What involves a physical exchange of DNA segments between homologous chromosomes?

A

Crossing over

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15
Q

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes become closely associated in the process of pairing, or _____.

A

synapsis

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16
Q

When the alleles of genes that were formerly on separate homologues can be found on the same homologue which of the following has occurred?

A

Recombination has occurred

17
Q

What is the name for the sites of crossing over in a chromosome?

A

Chiasmata

18
Q

During which stage of meiosis do synapsis and crossing over occur?

A

Prophase I

19
Q

The sites of crossing over are called ______.

A

chiasmata

20
Q

In meiosis, when does DNA replication occur?

A

Before meiosis I only

21
Q

During _____ I of meiosis, the homologues are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.

A

anaphase

22
Q

The sister chromatids found in the daughter nuclei at the end of telophase I are not identical to each other due to which of the following?

A

crossing over

23
Q

Meiosis has how many rounds of DNA replication?

A

1

24
Q

At the end of anaphase I in meiosis, each pole of the cell contains which of the following?

A

A haploid set of duplicated chromosomes

25
Q

At this stage of meiosis I, the sister chromatids have reached their respective poles, and they then decondense.

A

Telophase

26
Q

When meiosis proceeds without recombination, this is referred to as _____ segregation.

A

achiasmate

27
Q

When a cell undergoes meiosis, 4 daughter cells are produced. In terms of the number of chromosomes, each daughter cell contains a _____ nucleus.

A

haploid

28
Q

When chromosomes do not sort properly during cell division this is referred to as

A

nondisjunction

29
Q

After meiosis is complete which of the following are produced?

A

Four daughter cells that are haploid

30
Q

The association of homologous pairs guided by heterochromatin sequences is called which of the following?

A

synapsis

31
Q

In yeast, the Rec8 protein replaces the Scc1 protein in the cohesin complex during meiosis. Why is this important?

A

This allows the sister chromatids to stay together during meiosis I

32
Q

The ____ of sister chromatids are attached to the same pole during meiosis I and to opposite poles during meiosis II.

A

centromeres

BIO 120 (8 decks)

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