Chapter 4

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

This is the process where energy is made available. It is the accumulation of chemical and physical processes by which its material substance is created, destroyed and maintained.

Question 2

Bioenergetics

Answer 2

This is the study of how energy transforms within living systems.

Question 3

Exercise metabolism

Answer 3

This is the total of all the bodily processes from the stress that exercise produces.

Question 4

Substrates

Answer 4

The substance that is acted on by an enzyme.

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

An organic compound that is the primary supporting tissue for plants.

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

This is a sugar that can come in many different forms. It occurs primarily in tissues, fluids, and fruits. Primary end product after the digestion of carbohydrates.

Question 7

Glycogen

Answer 7

This is a polysaccharide that is tasteless and white and is the primary carbohydrate storage in mammals. It occurs primarily in the muscles as well as in the liver.

Question 8

Fat

Answer 8

This is a type of organic compound that is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and ether. And are comprised of lipids and our greasy to the human touch.

Question 9

Triglycerides

Answer 9

These are three fatty acids that connect to a glycerol. This makes up most of the fat storage in the human body.

Question 10

Protein

Answer 10

Multiple linked amino acids (20+) in a linear sequence that form one or more polypeptide chain.

Question 11

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 11

When glucose is formed from a non-carbohydrate such as fats or protein.

Question 12

Adenosine triphosphate

Answer 12

The transfer and energy storage unit inside of the cells of the body. When the chemical bonds that hold together break, energy is released for work such as the contraction of a muscle. When this bond breaks it leaves behind ADP (Adenosine diphosphate).

Question 13

Adenosine diphosphate

Answer 13

This is a compound of high energy from which ATP is formed.

Question 14

Beta (B)-oxidation

Answer 14

This is the first process that breaks down fatty acids. It includes the oxidation of beta carbons and removing to fragments of carbon from the fatty acid.

Question 15

EPOC (Excess Post-exercise oxygen consumption)

Answer 15

Metabolism will elevate after higher intensity exercises. The reason that you see high-intensity interval training as a successful method for shedding fat. High-intensity work will increase EPOC.

Question 16

Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 16

Law stating weight reduction can only take place when there is more energy being burned than is being consumed

Question 17

Phosphorylation

Answer 17

Process by which a phosphate molecule is added to ADP to make ATP

Question 18

By which 3 pathways can cells generate ATP?

Answer 18

APT-PC, glycolysis, oxidative

Question 19

ATP-PC system

Answer 19

Simplest and fastest pathway to ATP using a phosphocreatine molecule, primarily used during high-intensity, short-duration activity such as power lifting

Question 20

Anaerobic

Answer 20

Processes that do not require the use of oxygen

Question 21

Aerobic

Answer 21

Processes of energy that require the use of oxygen

Question 22

Glyclosis

Answer 22

The anaerobic chemical breakdown of glucose for energy

Question 23

What is the most efficient, but slowest and most complex pathway to energy where ATP is created in the presence of oxygen?

Answer 23

Oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic glycolysis + Krebs cycle + electron transport chain)

Question 24

In which process is pyruvic acid converted into acetyl CoA in the presence of oxygen?

Answer 24

Aerobic glycolysis

Question 25

In which process is acetyl CoA is broken down producing 2 ATP, CO2, and hydrogen as byproducts

Answer 25

Krebs Cycle

Question 26

During which process do hydrogen ions from the Krebs cycle combine with other ions for the phosphorylation of ADP, creating 1 additional ATP?

Answer 26

Electron transport chain

Question 27

What are 2 factors that determine energy use during exercise?

Answer 27

intensity and duration

Question 28

Energy system used during the onset of activity and primarily maintained during the first 30 seconds of activity

Answer 28

ATP-PC

Question 29

Energy system without oxygen used primarily for the first 30 to 50 seconds of activity, dropping off around 3 minutes

Answer 29

Glyclosis energy system

Question 30

Primary energy system for activities that last longer than several minutes

Answer 30

Aerobic metabolism

Question 31

What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) when only carbohydrates are used as a fuel source?

Answer 31

1

Question 32

What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) when only fats are used as fuel, only occurs during sleep?

Answer 32

0.7