Chapter 3 Flashcards
The cardiorespiratory system
Composed of the respiratory and cardiovascular system
The cardiovascular system
Blood vessels, blood, and the heart
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
Veins
Return blood to the heart from the rest of the body
Stroke volume
The amount of blood pumped out the heart with each contraction
Cardiac output
Heart rate × stroke volume
Sinoatrial (SA) node
The “pacemaker” of the heart because it initiates the heartbeat
Typical heart rate for an adult
70-80 BPM
What is the main difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle?
What is the main difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle?
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Right atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
right ventricle
Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Left atrium
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Sends oxygenated blood to the body
atria
Smaller, superiorly located chambers that gather blood returning to the heart
Ventricles
Larger, inferiorly located chambers that pump blood out of the heart
What separates the chambers of the heart and major arteries and veins & prevents backflow?
Valves
What are the 3 types of blood cells?
Red blood cells (oxygen), white blood cells (immune system), platelets (clotting)
What are 3 functions of blood?
Transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products; regulates body temperature, pH, and cellular water content; protects against blood loss by clotting, and fights foreign pathogens and toxins
Inspiratory ventilation
Active contraction of muscles to increase thoracic cavity volume; thus, decreasing interpulmonary pressure and drawing air into the lungs
Expiratory ventilation
Active or passive contraction of muscles, causing inspiratory muscles to relax and air to move out of the body
What are the primary respiratory muscles used during light breathing?
Diaphragm, external intercostals
What are the secondary respiratory muscles used for heavy breathing?
Scalenes, pectoralis minor
Location where gasses such as oxygen and carbon dioxide travel in and out of the blood stream
Alveoli
What is the typical resting oxygen consumption for healthy adults - aka, 1 metabolic equivalent (MET)?
3.5 mL per kg of bodyweight per minute
The best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness: the highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization during maximal effort exercise
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)
What is a way to predict VO2max without expensive lab equipment?
Submaximal exercise tests, such as the Rockport walk test and step test
What are the consequences of poor breathing patterns?
Headaches, increased anxiety, fatigue, poor sleep, poor circulation
