Chapter 4 Flashcards
Types of Cells
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Bacteria, no - nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic
Animal cells, plant cells
Plant cells have a ___
Cell wall
Surface to volume ratio
Limits cell size
Genetic control
Nucleus, Ribosomes
Nucleus
DNA
The nucleus has a _____ membrane
Double
Ribosomes
Translates mRNA to proteins
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Have Ribosomes on outside giving rough appearance
RER is composed of ____ sacs
Interconnected
RER functions
Make more membrane
Smooth ER
Continuous with RER
Smooth ER has ___ tubes
Interconnected
Smooth ER’s job is to
Synthesize lipids, phospholipids, fatty acids, and steroids
Golgi Apparatus has ___ of sacs
stacks, not interconnected
number of sacs associated with cell’s function
Modifies/ Finishes molecules carried by transport vesicles from ER
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Sacs of digestive enzymes
Lysosomes break down
Food, invaders, damaged organelles
Vacuoles
Membranous sac
Vacuoles function
Breakdown, support, storage of important molecules and toxins, pigment
Powerhouse of cell
Mitochondria
Mitochondria’s two parts
Cristae, Matrix
Cristae
Folds
Matrix
Inner part of cell
Chloroplast
Used for photosynthesis, has 3 parts
Photosynthesis
Converts light energy into food
3 parts of Chloroplast
Stroma, Thylakoid, Grana
Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments, Intermediate Filament, Microtubules
Shape change and movement
Microfilaments
Anchor organelle
Intermediate Filament
Rigidity and shape, anchor organelles, tract for organelle movement
Microtubules
Cilia and Flagella
Cellular structures composed of microtubules, provide movement
Cilia
9 + 2 arrangement
Sticky layer of glycoproteins secreted by animal cells
Extracellular Matrix
3 Animal cell junctions
Tight, Anchoring, Communication
Tight junctions
Bind cells together, leak proof
Anchoring junction
Attach cells but allows fluid to pass
Communication junctions
Allows water and small molecules between adjacent cells
Plasmodesmata
Channels between plant cells allows communication and nutrient sharing