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Biology 120 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Carbon

A

4 valence electrons - 4 bonding sites

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2
Q

Hydro Carbon

A

Molecule made only if hydrogen and carbon

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3
Q

Methane

A

CH4

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4
Q

Butane

A

C4H10

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5
Q

Isomer

A

Same formula different shape

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6
Q

Functional groups

A

Hydroxyl, Amino, Carbonyl, Phosphate, Carboxyl, Methyl

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7
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Polar- attracts water

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8
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Non-polar - repels water

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9
Q

Macromolecules

A

Proteins, Carbohydrates, & Nucleic Acids

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10
Q

Monomers

A

Amino Acids, Nucleotides, Monosacharides (Glucose)

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11
Q

Dimer

A

2 monomers

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12
Q

Polymers are ___ of monomers

A

Chains

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13
Q

Lipids are not technically

A

polymers

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14
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Water is produced as a byproduct in joining polymers

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15
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Water is joined in polymers to break

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16
Q

Polymers

A

Polysaccharide (carb), Protein, Nucleic Acids

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17
Q

Lipids

A

Not truly a polymer

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18
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Polysaccharide, Glucose, Fructose (isomers)

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19
Q

Disaccharide

A

Glucose + Glucose= Maltose

Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

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20
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

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21
Q

Starch

A

Energy storage in plants

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22
Q

Glycogen

A

Energy storage in animals

23
Q

Cellulose

A

Strengthen plant cell walls, most abundant organic compound

24
Q

Lipids

A

No monomers, hydrophobic

25
Q

Fat triglycerides

A

Saturated & Unsaturated fats

26
Q

Saturated Fats

A

Bad fats, no double bonds, max # of H

27
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A

Good Fats, double bonds, less than max # of H

28
Q

Unsaturated fats → Saturated Fats

A

Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils

29
Q

Trans Fats

A

Fats with hydrogen atoms opposite each other

30
Q

Other Lipids

A

Phospholipids, Tryglicerides

31
Q

Phospholipids

A

Cell walls, 2 fatty acids, glycerol, & phosphate group

32
Q

Triglycerides

A

3 fatty acids linked to glycerol

33
Q

Steroids

A

4 fused rings

34
Q

Cholesterol

A

Sex steroid precursor, cell membrane

35
Q

Anabolic Steroid

A

Synthetic testosterone

36
Q

Amino Acids joined

A

Dehydration

37
Q

Proteins disassembled

A

Hydrolysis

38
Q

Amino Acids ➡️ ____ bonds

A

Peptide

39
Q

Enzymes

A

Chemical catalysts

40
Q

Protein functions

A

4 possible structures

41
Q

Primary

A

Amino acid sequence

42
Q

Secondary

A

Alpha helix, beta pleated

43
Q

Alpha Helix

A

Coiling

44
Q

Beta Pleated

A

Sheet - folding

45
Q

Tertiary

A

3-D shape, globular

46
Q

Quaternary

A

2 or more peptides joined together

47
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

DNA, RNA

48
Q

DNA

A

Deoxy Ribose

49
Q

RNA

A

Ribose

50
Q

Nucleotides

A

Phosphate & 5 C sugar backbone linked to nitrogenous base

51
Q

5 Bases

A

A, T, C, G, U

52
Q

DNA base

A

A→T, C→G

53
Q

RNA base

A

U→T, C→G

Biology 120 (7 decks)

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