Chapter 3

Question 1

Carbon

Answer 1

4 valence electrons - 4 bonding sites

Question 2

Hydro Carbon

Answer 2

Molecule made only if hydrogen and carbon

Question 3

Methane

Answer 3

CH4

Question 4

Butane

Answer 4

C4H10

Question 5

Isomer

Answer 5

Same formula different shape

Question 6

Functional groups

Answer 6

Hydroxyl, Amino, Carbonyl, Phosphate, Carboxyl, Methyl

Question 7

Hydrophilic

Answer 7

Polar- attracts water

Question 8

Hydrophobic

Answer 8

Non-polar - repels water

Question 9

Macromolecules

Answer 9

Proteins, Carbohydrates, & Nucleic Acids

Question 10

Monomers

Answer 10

Amino Acids, Nucleotides, Monosacharides (Glucose)

Question 11

Dimer

Answer 11

2 monomers

Question 12

Polymers are ___ of monomers

Answer 12

Chains

Question 13

Lipids are not technically

Answer 13

polymers

Question 14

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 14

Water is produced as a byproduct in joining polymers

Question 15

Hydrolysis

Answer 15

Water is joined in polymers to break

Question 16

Polymers

Answer 16

Polysaccharide (carb), Protein, Nucleic Acids

Question 17

Lipids

Answer 17

Not truly a polymer

Question 18

Carbohydrate

Answer 18

Polysaccharide, Glucose, Fructose (isomers)

Question 19

Disaccharide

Answer 19

Glucose + Glucose= Maltose

Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

Question 20

Polysaccharides

Answer 20

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

Question 21

Starch

Answer 21

Energy storage in plants

Question 22

Glycogen

Answer 22

Energy storage in animals

Question 23

Cellulose

Answer 23

Strengthen plant cell walls, most abundant organic compound

Question 24

Lipids

Answer 24

No monomers, hydrophobic

Question 25

Fat triglycerides

Answer 25

Saturated & Unsaturated fats

Question 26

Saturated Fats

Answer 26

Bad fats, no double bonds, max # of H

Question 27

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 27

Good Fats, double bonds, less than max # of H

Question 28

Unsaturated fats → Saturated Fats

Answer 28

Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils

Question 29

Trans Fats

Answer 29

Fats with hydrogen atoms opposite each other

Question 30

Other Lipids

Answer 30

Phospholipids, Tryglicerides

Question 31

Phospholipids

Answer 31

Cell walls, 2 fatty acids, glycerol, & phosphate group

Question 32

Triglycerides

Answer 32

3 fatty acids linked to glycerol

Question 33

Steroids

Answer 33

4 fused rings

Question 34

Cholesterol

Answer 34

Sex steroid precursor, cell membrane

Question 35

Anabolic Steroid

Answer 35

Synthetic testosterone

Question 36

Amino Acids joined

Answer 36

Dehydration

Question 37

Proteins disassembled

Answer 37

Hydrolysis

Question 38

Amino Acids ➡️ ____ bonds

Answer 38

Peptide

Question 39

Enzymes

Answer 39

Chemical catalysts

Question 40

Protein functions

Answer 40

4 possible structures

Question 41

Primary

Answer 41

Amino acid sequence

Question 42

Secondary

Answer 42

Alpha helix, beta pleated

Question 43

Alpha Helix

Answer 43

Coiling

Question 44

Beta Pleated

Answer 44

Sheet - folding

Question 45

Tertiary

Answer 45

3-D shape, globular

Question 46

Quaternary

Answer 46

2 or more peptides joined together

Question 47

Nucleic Acids

Answer 47

DNA, RNA

Question 48

DNA

Answer 48

Deoxy Ribose

Question 49

RNA

Answer 49

Ribose

Question 50

Nucleotides

Answer 50

Phosphate & 5 C sugar backbone linked to nitrogenous base

Question 51

5 Bases

Answer 51

A, T, C, G, U

Question 52

DNA base

Answer 52

A→T, C→G

Question 53

RNA base

Answer 53

U→T, C→G