Chapter 2 Flashcards by Melissa Reid

Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space & has mass

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Q

Element

A

Substance that can not be broken down by chemical means

92 Elements

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Q

4 elements of life

A

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen & nitrogen

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Q

Trace elements

A

essential but only found in minute traces

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Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of matter

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Q

3 subatomic particles

A

protons, electrons, neutrons

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Q

Protons

A

positive

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Q

Electrons

A

negative

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Q

Neutrons

A

neutral

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Q

Change protons

A

Change element

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Q

Change neutrons

A

create isotope

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Q

Change electrons

A

create ion

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Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons

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Q

Atomic Mass

A

amount of mass of element (all particles)

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Q

Mass number

A

Protons + neutrons

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Q

Controls Reactivity of Atom

A

Electrons

Q

Valance electrons

A

electrons in the outer most shell

Q

Radioactive isotope

A

nuclei of isotopes that decay giving off particles & energy

Q

Benefits of radioactive isotope

A

medicine as tracer

Q

Danger of radioactive isotope

A

Damages molecules

Q

Chemical Bonds

A

ionic, covalent, hydrogen

Q

Compound

A

2 or more elements in fixed ratio

Q

Ionic bonds

A

taking/donating electrons

carries charge

Q

Covalent bonds

A

shares electrons

Q

Non-polar

A

shares electrons equally

Q

Polar

A

not sharing electrons equally

Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

weak bonds

Q

Properties of water

A

cohesion, adhesion

Q

Cohesion

A

ability to stick together

Q

Adhesion

A

ability to stick to other polar molecules

Q

Liquid

A

break and reform

Q

Solid

A

expand and solidify

Q

Solvent

A

dissolving agent

Q

Solute

A

item being dissolved

Q

Solution

A

solute and solvent

Q

PH

A

unequal concentration of ions

Q

more H+

A

acidic

Q

more OH

A

basic

Q

Buffer

A

a substance that minimizes changes in ph