Chapter 4 Flashcards
mutations that occur in patients are mostly ____mutations which are random vs hereditary in origin
somatic
neurons derive from
neuroepithelial stem cells
astrocytes and neurons share these features
nucleus and soma
nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope which is continuous with the ER
where are peroxisomes generated from
the golgi apparatus
used to remove toxic waste from cell
peroxisomes
emanates from the cell body that can sense different chemical signals
primary cilia
DNA is unwrapped and alot of active transcription is taking place
euchromatin
DNA is wrapped and less transcription is occuring
heterochromatin
microtubules are made of
alpha and beta dimers
also called tubulins
neuron has two different ends to the cell, a positive and a negative, which is which
positive end projects out towards the periphery of the cell
negative end project toward the cell body
when membranous organelles move toward terminals
anterograde direction
when membranous organelles move back to cell body
retrograde direction
form of transport that is faster than 400 mm per day in warm-blooded animals
fast axonal transport
how does fast axonal transport work
in a saltatory fasion along linear tracks of microtubules aligned in the axon
what proteins are moved via slow axonal transport
cytosolic proteins and cytoskeletal proteins
slow transport occurs
in the anterograde direction
caused by oxidation of pairs of free sulfhydryl side chains, cannot occur in the reducing environment of the cytosol
disulfide linkages
another form of post-translational modification important for anchoring proteins to the cytosolic side of membranes
isoprenylation
regulates protein degradation
ubiquination
ubiquination occurs only in the presence of these two proetins
E3 and a cofactor
oligodendrites produce myelin that contains these two things
myelin basic protein
proteolipid protein
oligodendrocytes produce myelin around
many central nervous system axons
origin of myelin sheath
inner mesaxon
schwann cells produce myelin around
one part of an axon in the peripheral nervous system
what protein keeps the myelin sheath from moving and changing the nodes of ranvier
Caspr2
astrocytes are commonly in contact with
blood vessels
astrocytes are connected to each other by
gap junctions
single layer of ciliated, cuboidal cells lining the cerebral ventricales
ependyma
continuous with the ependyma but projects into the ventricles, where it covers thin blood vessels
choroid plexus
what does choroid plexus make
cerebrospinal fluid
