Chapter 4

Question 1

mutations that occur in patients are mostly ____mutations which are random vs hereditary in origin

Answer 1

somatic

Question 2

neurons derive from

Answer 2

neuroepithelial stem cells

Question 3

astrocytes and neurons share these features

Answer 3

nucleus and soma

nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope which is continuous with the ER

Question 4

where are peroxisomes generated from

Answer 4

the golgi apparatus

Question 5

used to remove toxic waste from cell

Answer 5

peroxisomes

Question 6

emanates from the cell body that can sense different chemical signals

Answer 6

primary cilia

Question 7

DNA is unwrapped and alot of active transcription is taking place

Answer 7

euchromatin

Question 8

DNA is wrapped and less transcription is occuring

Answer 8

heterochromatin

Question 9

microtubules are made of

Answer 9

alpha and beta dimers

also called tubulins

Question 10

neuron has two different ends to the cell, a positive and a negative, which is which

Answer 10

positive end projects out towards the periphery of the cell

negative end project toward the cell body

Question 11

when membranous organelles move toward terminals

Answer 11

anterograde direction

Question 12

when membranous organelles move back to cell body

Answer 12

retrograde direction

Question 13

form of transport that is faster than 400 mm per day in warm-blooded animals

Answer 13

fast axonal transport

Question 14

how does fast axonal transport work

Answer 14

in a saltatory fasion along linear tracks of microtubules aligned in the axon

Question 15

what proteins are moved via slow axonal transport

Answer 15

cytosolic proteins and cytoskeletal proteins

Question 16

slow transport occurs

Answer 16

in the anterograde direction

Question 17

caused by oxidation of pairs of free sulfhydryl side chains, cannot occur in the reducing environment of the cytosol

Answer 17

disulfide linkages

Question 18

another form of post-translational modification important for anchoring proteins to the cytosolic side of membranes

Answer 18

isoprenylation

Question 19

regulates protein degradation

Answer 19

ubiquination

Question 20

ubiquination occurs only in the presence of these two proetins

Answer 20

E3 and a cofactor

Question 21

oligodendrites produce myelin that contains these two things

Answer 21

myelin basic protein

proteolipid protein

Question 22

oligodendrocytes produce myelin around

Answer 22

many central nervous system axons

Question 23

origin of myelin sheath

Answer 23

inner mesaxon

Question 24

schwann cells produce myelin around

Answer 24

one part of an axon in the peripheral nervous system

Question 25

what protein keeps the myelin sheath from moving and changing the nodes of ranvier

Answer 25

Caspr2

Question 26

astrocytes are commonly in contact with

Answer 26

blood vessels

Question 27

astrocytes are connected to each other by

Answer 27

gap junctions

Question 28

single layer of ciliated, cuboidal cells lining the cerebral ventricales

Answer 28

ependyma

Question 29

continuous with the ependyma but projects into the ventricles, where it covers thin blood vessels

Answer 29

choroid plexus

Question 30

what does choroid plexus make

Answer 30

cerebrospinal fluid