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Neurobiology > Chapter 2 and beginning of chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 and beginning of chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

two parts of the neuron used for communicating

A

dendrite and synapse

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2
Q

another name for the cell body

A

soma

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3
Q

come in different lengths depending on the size of the organism and how fast information needs to be passed

A

axon

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4
Q

used to breakdown proteins

A

lysomes

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5
Q

says the nervous system is comprised of descrete cells

A

ramon y cajal

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6
Q

flow of information in one direction

A

principle of dynamic polarization

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7
Q

nerve cells do not connect randomly during the formation of networks

A

connectional specificity

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8
Q

where the electricity of the cell/decision of the cell happens, alot of channels that are effected by changes in electric current are found here

A

axon initial segment

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9
Q

first individuals to detect electricity down the axon

A

hodgkin and huxley

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10
Q

three groups of neurons

A

unipolar
bi polar
multipolar

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11
Q

have single primary processes that give rise to many branches

A

unipolar

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12
Q

have an oval soma with two processes

A

bi polar

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13
Q

predominant cell of the vertebrate nervous system

A

multipolar

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14
Q

neuron commonly found in invertebrates

A

unipolar

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15
Q

neuron found commonly for olfactory and in the retina

A

bipolar

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16
Q

unique in that the dendrites and axon fuse together and the cell body is pushed out to one side

A

pseudo-unipolar cell

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17
Q

three functional groups of neurons

A

sensory
motor
interneurons

18
Q

carry information towards the CNS

A

sensory neurons

19
Q

carry command information away from the CNS

A

motor neurons

20
Q

most prevalent type of neurons and are subdivided into classes of relay and local

A

interneurons

21
Q

glia is greek for what

A

glue

22
Q

more prevalent than neurons

A

glial cells

23
Q

two major classes of glia

A

macroglia and microglia

24
Q

immune system cells of nervous system

A

microglia

25
Q

small cell body with few cellular processes and form the myelin sheath that insulates neuronal axons typically of one to 30 axons

A

oligodendrocytes

26
Q

similar in that they form myelin sheaths surrounding individual axon of peripheral nervous system

A

schwann cells

27
Q

three things insulating axon does

A
  1. increase electrical signal conduction
  2. promotion of voltage sensitive ion channels into distinct domains
  3. release trophic factors
28
Q

large number of cell processes with small star shaped body

A

astrocytes

29
Q

found in gray matter and processes end in sheet like appendages

A

protoplasmic

30
Q

found in white matter. they have long fine processes that contain large bundles of intermediate fibers

A

fibrous

31
Q

astrocyte functions

A 
separation
potassium buffers 
house keeping
nourishment
tripartite synapse 
recycling amino acids 
releasing growth factors
32
Q

the stretching of a single muscle activates hundreds of neurons

A

divergence

33
Q

a single motor neuron receives inputs from 200-450 contacts

A

convergence

34
Q

example of convergence

A

Purkinjie cells of cerebellum

35
Q

enhances the effect of the active pathway by suppressing the activity of pathways mediating opposing actions

A

feed forward inhibition

36
Q

self regulating mechanism

A

feedback inhibition

37
Q

is potassium or sodium have a higher concentration inside the cell

A

potassium

38
Q

guy who thought you could inherit intelligence and came up with the idea of twin studies

A

francis galton

39
Q

a large amount of heritable diseases are…

A

neurological in nature

40
Q

cytosine and guanine are connected by how many hydrogen bonds

A

3

41
Q

adenine and thymine are connected by how many hydrogen bonds

A

2

42
Q

which are kept introns or exons

A

exons

Neurobiology (6 decks)

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