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Neurobiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Considered the first neuroscientists

A

Cushing and Penfield

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2
Q

What work did cushing and penfield do?

A

looked at patients with epilepsy

cut holes in skull to look at how the brain works

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3
Q

some of the first documents showing humans examined the brain was found were

A

egypt

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4
Q

first person to recognize there was some medical use for the brain

A

hippocrates

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5
Q

some of his work is still referenced in modern medicine today
utilized ligature to demonstrate that cranial and peripheral nerves control muscles

A

galen of pergamon

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6
Q

what did galen do?

A

cut the nerves of the larynx to show it would make a pig stop squealing
believed that emotion and consciousness were found in the heart not the brain

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7
Q

became famous for his human anatomy drawings

A

leonardo da vinci

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8
Q

stumbled upon the theory of bioelectricity

A

luigi galvani

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9
Q

came up with a simple idea that the brain was acting as a battery distributing electricity to certain parts of the body

A

sir richard caton

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10
Q

what did scientists thing about the brain originally

A

that it was one giant cell with a billion different nuclei

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11
Q

came up with the silver nitrate stain that revolutionized the neuroscience field

A

camillo golgi

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12
Q

a physician who believed structures on the skull showed how a person was going to behave, also known as phrenology

A

franz gall

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13
Q

took mice and destroyed parts of the brain to see what would happen to rates movement and behavior

A

jeanne pierre fluorens

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14
Q

used patients leborgne and lelong to show certain areas of the brain are connected with speech and understanding speech

A

brocca and wernicke

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15
Q

region destroyed caused person to understand language but not be able to speak

A

broccas

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16
Q

region destroyed caused person to speak but unable to understand what another person was saying

A

wernicke

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17
Q

showed that different parts of the brain look different at the cellular level

A

brodman

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18
Q

who developed the frontal lobotomy

A

john fulton

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19
Q

spontaneous speech

A

aphasia

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20
Q

prosody

A

musical qualities

21
Q

incorrect words are substituted for correct

A

paraphasias

22
Q

unintended word is used

A

semantic

23
Q

smell nerve

A

olfactory nerve

24
Q

visual nerve

A

optic nerve

25
Q

pupillary dilation and constriction

A

oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens

26
Q

unequal pupils

A

anisocoria

27
Q

limitation of gaze in either or one or both directions

A

extraocular eye movement

28
Q

carry sensation from face, anterior scalp, eye, and nasal and oral cavities
innervate jaw muscles

A

tigeminal nerve

29
Q

innervates face muscles and control wrinkle, closing of eyes and lips, control ability to show teeth

A

facial nerve

30
Q

auditory function, test for vertigo

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

31
Q

swallow reflex, laryngeal strength, control of palate

A

glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves

32
Q

innervates tongue muscles

A

hypoglossal

33
Q

to generate a hole in the skull through the use of an auger

A

trepanation

34
Q

book of optics

A

ibn al haytham

35
Q

was one of the first to believe that the brain and the nervous system were the center of the mind and emotion as opposed to the heart

A

andreas vesalius

36
Q

afferent and efferent conditions

A

spinal cord

37
Q

autonomic functions including control digestion/breathing/heart rate

A

medulla oblongata

38
Q

mediator of movement information between cerebral hemispheres to cerebellum

A

pons

39
Q

controls eye movement, visual and auditory reflexes

A

midbrain

40
Q

relays information to the cortex

A

thalamus

41
Q

regulates autonomic, endocrine, and visceral functions

A

hypothalamus

42
Q

contains the thalamus and hypothalamus

A

diencephalon

43
Q

contains the cerebral cortex where cognitive abilities persist

A

cerebrum

44
Q

part of the cerebrum responsible for learning and memory

A

hippocampus

45
Q

short term planning of movement and short term memory and social reciprocity

A

frontal lobe

46
Q

somatic sensation understanding “oneself” within extrapersonal space

A

parietal lobe

47
Q

vision

A

occipital lobe

48
Q

hearing and through the hippocampus learning and memory

A

temporal lobe

Neurobiology (6 decks)

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