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Biology 1&2 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biotic factors

A

Presence or absence of living things.

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2
Q

Optimum range

A

Range in which organism thrives best.

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3
Q

Outside the optimal range

A

Survive not thrive

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4
Q

Outside optimum rage

A

Suffer physiological stress and hypothermia

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5
Q

Niche

A

Environmental conditions, particularly abiotic factors well suited.

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6
Q

Extra cellular

A

Tissue or fluid Outside the cell

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7
Q

Intracellular

A

Liquid inside the cell

Eg Cytosol

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8
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal state despite changes in the external environment within small tolerances.

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9
Q

Stimulus response pathway

A

Stimulus receptor process centre effector response

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10
Q

Stimulus

A

A condition or signal the causes a response

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11
Q

Receptor

A

Cell of gland that detects a stimulus.

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12
Q

Effector

A

Cell, muscle of gland that carries out the response.

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13
Q

Chemoreptor

A

Chemical stimulus

Mouth nose

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14
Q

Mechanorexepter

A

Mechanical stimuli
Pressure, stretch
Skin ear

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15
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Light

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16
Q

Thermorecepter

A

Hot and cold

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17
Q

Nocicepter

A

Pain

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18
Q

Osmorecepter

A

Water

Brain hyper thalamus

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19
Q

Positive feedback

A

Enhances the original stimulus

20
Q

Negative feedback

A

Cancels of contracts the original stimulus.

21
Q

Conduction

A

Heat transferred through direct contact, hot to cold.

22
Q

Convection

A

Transfers heat when hot air or water rises and replaced by cooler air.

23
Q

Evaporation

A

When water is evaporated and cools the skin

24
Q

Radiation

A

When infrared waves transfers heat from the object.

25
Q

Vasodilation

A

Arterioles become wider. Move away from the core. Heat moves to the skin to be lost

26
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Artiroles constrict and move inward to the core to conserve heat

27
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls baddy temp and water…..

28
Q

Endotherms

A

Are capable of producing their own heat

29
Q

Ectotherms

A

Rely on external sources for heat.

30
Q

Homeothermic

A

Maintains stable internal temperature regardless of external environment.

31
Q

Poikilothermic

A

Relies on external heat. Temperature varies

32
Q

Structural adaptation

A

Shape size

33
Q

Physiological adaptation

A

Chemical

Organs

34
Q

Behavioural adaptations

A

Burrowing

Conscious movement

35
Q

Beta cells

A

Insulin

36
Q

Glucagon

A

Alpha cells

37
Q

Hyperglycaemia

A

High concentration of glucose in blood

38
Q

ADH

A

Hypothalamus

Makes the kidney more permeable

39
Q

Metabolism

A

All chemical process in the body

40
Q

Thyroxine

A

Increases metabolic activities within most tissues

41
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid

Stimulating hormone between pituitary gland and thyroid gland

42
Q

TRH

A

Thyrotrophin
Releasing hormone that is between hyper thalamus and pituitary gland
Single hormone

43
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Too much thyroxin/ overactive thyroid gland

44
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Too little thyroxin/ not active enough

Gland swells- goitre

45
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Physical and chemical factors

Eg temp, water, gases.

Biology 1&2 (10 decks)

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