Chapter 1 Flashcards
State the three rules of cell theory
1 all living things are composed of one or more cells and products of all the cells.
2 the cell is the smallest unit that has properties of life
3 cells only arise from pre-exciting cells.
Unicellular
Living organism with one cell that carries out all jobs.
Multicellular
Cells become specialised to create tissues and organs that make up an organism.
Magnification
How large an object appears
Resolution
The ability to see two points that are close together as two separate points.
size
Size = diameter of field of view/ number of objects across diameter.
Tissue
Many specialised cells that work together to produce an outcome.
Lung tissue, liver, gastric.
Organ
Made up of tissue to do a function.
Stomach, heart, intestines.
Organ system
Depends on organs that it contain
Respiratory, digestive
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Unicellular
Lack membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotes
Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, protists
Nucleus
Control centre of the cell Contains DNA (chromosomes)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Communicating network
Makes lipids
Internal transport of substances
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Communication of proteins
Ribosome
Contains ribonucleic acid.
Protein synthesis
Golgi Apperatis
Collects vesicles, packages and rearranges proteins.
Vesicles leave via membrane, they are membrane bound.
Lysosomes
Brake down debre or foreign substances
Contain vesicles.
Cytoplasm
Liquid substances that surround the organelles
Cytosol
Liquid containing, ions, organelle, water, salts, enzymes, food molecules.
Cytoplasmic streaming
The movement of organelles to ensure all get the nutrients they need and to assist photosynthesis.
Plasma Membrane
Phospholipid bio layer
Semi permeable
Mitochondria
Cellular respiration
Glucose and oxygen = carbon dioxide and water and heat
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis
Starch is stored
Vacuoles
Liquid filled
Controls pressure
Stores sugar, minerals, proteins and sugar.
Cell wall
Protects
Provides structure
Fully permeable
Cell theory
Cells are the basic units of life
Phospholipid
Head hydrophilic yes water
Tail hydrophobic no water
Endocytosis
Bring substances in, in a membrane bound vesicles.
Ectocytosis
Taking things out with a membrane bound vesicle
Facilitated diffusion
No energy but needs help from channel proteins.
Hypotonic solutions
Dilute
Cell will gain water
Hypertonic solution
Concentrated
Cell will lose water
Isotonic solution
Equal Librium with both substances
Pinocytosis
Uptake of liquid in cells
Active transport
Phagocytosis
Uptake of solid particles
Active transport
