Chapter 1

Question 1

State the three rules of cell theory

Answer 1

1 all living things are composed of one or more cells and products of all the cells.
2 the cell is the smallest unit that has properties of life
3 cells only arise from pre-exciting cells.

Question 2

Unicellular

Answer 2

Living organism with one cell that carries out all jobs.

Question 3

Multicellular

Answer 3

Cells become specialised to create tissues and organs that make up an organism.

Question 4

Magnification

Answer 4

How large an object appears

Question 5

Resolution

Answer 5

The ability to see two points that are close together as two separate points.

Question 6

size

Answer 6

Size = diameter of field of view/ number of objects across diameter.

Question 7

Tissue

Answer 7

Many specialised cells that work together to produce an outcome.
Lung tissue, liver, gastric.

Question 8

Organ

Answer 8

Made up of tissue to do a function.

Stomach, heart, intestines.

Question 9

Organ system

Answer 9

Depends on organs that it contain

Respiratory, digestive

Question 10

Prokaryotes

Answer 10

Bacteria
Unicellular
Lack membrane bound organelles

Question 11

Eukaryotes

Answer 11

Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, protists

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

Control centre of the cell
Contains DNA (chromosomes)

Question 13

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Communicating network
Makes lipids
Internal transport of substances

Question 14

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

Communication of proteins

Question 15

Ribosome

Answer 15

Contains ribonucleic acid.

Protein synthesis

Question 16

Golgi Apperatis

Answer 16

Collects vesicles, packages and rearranges proteins.

Vesicles leave via membrane, they are membrane bound.

Question 17

Lysosomes

Answer 17

Brake down debre or foreign substances

Contain vesicles.

Question 18

Cytoplasm

Answer 18

Liquid substances that surround the organelles

Question 19

Cytosol

Answer 19

Liquid containing, ions, organelle, water, salts, enzymes, food molecules.

Question 20

Cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 20

The movement of organelles to ensure all get the nutrients they need and to assist photosynthesis.

Question 21

Plasma Membrane

Answer 21

Phospholipid bio layer

Semi permeable

Question 22

Mitochondria

Answer 22

Cellular respiration

Glucose and oxygen = carbon dioxide and water and heat

Question 23

Chloroplast

Answer 23

Photosynthesis

Starch is stored

Question 24

Vacuoles

Answer 24

Liquid filled
Controls pressure
Stores sugar, minerals, proteins and sugar.

Question 25

Cell wall

Answer 25

Protects
Provides structure
Fully permeable

Question 26

Cell theory

Answer 26

Cells are the basic units of life

Question 27

Phospholipid

Answer 27

Head hydrophilic yes water

Tail hydrophobic no water

Question 28

Endocytosis

Answer 28

Bring substances in, in a membrane bound vesicles.

Question 29

Ectocytosis

Answer 29

Taking things out with a membrane bound vesicle

Question 30

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 30

No energy but needs help from channel proteins.

Question 31

Hypotonic solutions

Answer 31

Dilute

Cell will gain water

Question 32

Hypertonic solution

Answer 32

Concentrated

Cell will lose water

Question 33

Isotonic solution

Answer 33

Equal Librium with both substances

Question 34

Pinocytosis

Answer 34

Uptake of liquid in cells

Active transport

Question 35

Phagocytosis

Answer 35

Uptake of solid particles

Active transport