Chapter 10

Question 1

P generation

Answer 1

Two organisms that represent the start of a breeding experiment.

Question 2

F1

Answer 2

first generation offspring. Often between two pure breeding parents.

Question 3

Pure breeding

Answer 3

A line of organism that always produce offspring with the same phenotype when crossed with each other.

Question 4

F2

Answer 4

Offspring from the cross of F1

Question 5

Dominant

Answer 5

A phenotype that only one allel is required to be expressed.

Question 6

Recessive

Answer 6

Phenotype that requires to alleles to be expressed

Question 7

Homozygous

Answer 7

Genotype with twos genes of the same alleles from a single gene locus

Question 8

Heterozygous

Answer 8

a genotype of two different alleles on the same gene locus.

Question 9

Hybrid

Answer 9

The offspring of a cross between two plants or animal species. Heterozygous

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

A specific combination of alleles for a particular gene locus.

Question 11

Phenotype

Answer 11

A specific feature on an individual based on their genotype.

Question 12

Mono hybrid cross

Answer 12

Two heterozygous combinations are used as parents.

Genotypes: 1:2:1
Phenotypes: 3:1

Question 13

Autosomal

Answer 13

Genes located on autosomes (non-sex chromosomes)

Question 14

In a test cross always……

Answer 14

Test the Unknown to a homozygous recessive.

Question 15

Incomplete dominance (partial)

Answer 15

No clear dominance can get mixed.
Eg. Red flower ✖️ white flower

I red: 2 pink: I white

Question 16

Codominance

Answer 16

Both alleles are fully expressed
Eb. Blood types
Ia Ib i

Question 17

Multiple alleles

Answer 17

Three or more forms of genes are available for a trait but only two exist in a diploid cell.

Question 18

Why test cross?

Answer 18

To see if an organism is heterozygous or homozygous.

If genes are linked.

Question 19

Deadly combinations

Lethal alleles

Answer 19

When a homozygous trait is lethal

Question 20

Dihybrid cross

Answer 20

A mating experiment between two organisms considering two traits. Unlinked

Eg. Phenotype always when crossing F1 9:3:3:1

Question 21

linked genes

Answer 21

If a gene is linked the punnet square will only produce two phenotype so provided no crossing over.

Eg. DE. ✖️ de
de. de

Question 22

Crossing over in linked chromosomes

Answer 22

Ratio frequencies are different of crossing over.

Question 23

Polygenic inheritance / continuous variation

Answer 23

Many genes, wide range,

Eg height, skin colour

Question 24

Discontinuous variation

Answer 24

Only a single gene is involved. Small range of discreet phenotype so.

Question 25

Hemizygous

Answer 25

One copy only x

Question 26

Polygenic inheritance / continuous variation

Answer 26

Many genes, wide range,

Eg height, skin colour

Question 27

Discontinuous variation

Answer 27

Only a single gene is involved. Small range of discreet phenotype so.

Question 28

Hemizygous

Answer 28

One copy only x