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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 4 & 5 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 4 & 5 Review Flashcards

1
Q

The 4 main tissue types

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, & nervous

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2
Q

Ectoderm

A

forms the skin

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3
Q

Neuroderm

A

forms the nervous system

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4
Q

Endoderm

A

forms the lining of the digestive tract and its derivatives

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5
Q

Mesoderm

A

forms tissues such as muscle, bones, and blood vessels

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6
Q

Tissue Matrix (extracellular matrix)

A

the non cellular substances surrounding the cells

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7
Q

Autopsy

A

examination of the organs of a dead body to determine cause of death or to study changes caused by disease

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8
Q

Biopsy

A

process of removing tissue samples from patients surgically or with a needle for diagnostic purposes

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9
Q

Tight junctions

A

hold cells together, form permeability barrier

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10
Q

Gap junctions

A

protein channels aid intracellular communication

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11
Q

Where in the body do you find pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

nasal cavities, sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi of the lungs

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12
Q

Where in the body do you find transitional epithelium found?

A

lining of urinary balders, uterus, and superior urethra

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13
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

no open contact with exterior, no ducts, produces hormones

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14
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

open contact maintained with exterior ducts

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15
Q

Fibroblasts

A

cells that form fibers connective tissue

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16
Q

Phagocytosis

A

the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes

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17
Q

Stem Cells

A

have the ability to form or become any kind/ type of cell

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18
Q

3 types of fibers found in connective tissue

A

protein fibers
collagen fibers
elastic fibers

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19
Q

Tendons are composed of what

A

dense regular collagenous connective tissue

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20
Q

The external ears are made of what

A

elastic cartilage

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21
Q

The walls of arteries are made of what

A

dense irregular elastic connective tissue

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22
Q

Whats the main function of proteglycon molecules

A

major component of the extracellular matrix, the filler substance existing between cells

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23
Q

Why does cartilage heal slowly

A

it has poor blood and nerve supply

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24
Q

The human skeleton comes form fa fetal skeleton which is composed entirely of

A

hyaline cartilage

25
Q

Bone Trabeculae

A

spaces between the bones and platelets

26
Q

Where are blood cells produced

A

red bone marrow

27
Q

Osteocytes

A

fully matured bone cells

28
Q

Osteoblasts

A

cells that secrete the matrix for bone formation

29
Q

Osteocytes

A

multi-nucleate bone cells that absorb bone tissue during growth and healing

30
Q

Axon

A

conducts impulses away from cell body

only 1 axon per neuron

31
Q

Dendrites

A

receive impulses from other neurons

many dendrites per axon.

32
Q

Neuroglia

A

supports cells of the brain, spinal cords, and nerves

nourishes, protects, and insulates neurons

33
Q

Serous Membrane

A

lines cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body

34
Q

Synovial

A

line freely moveable joints

35
Q

Mucous

A

lines cavities and canals that open to the outside of the body

36
Q

Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, & Disturbed Function are all symptoms of what

A

Local Inflammation

37
Q

Secondary Union

A

edges of wound are not closed; greater chance of infection

38
Q

Desquamation

A

the shedding of the outermost layer of a tissue (such as skin)

39
Q

Langerhans Cells

A

part of the immune system

40
Q

Keratinization

A

cells move outward through the layers, they fill with keratin, die, and serve as a layer that resists abrasion and forms permeability layer

41
Q

What is thick skin

A

skin that has all 5 epithelial strata and the stratum corneum, has many cell layers

42
Q

Melanocytes

A

cause skin color, they produce melanin

43
Q

Albinism

A

deficiency or absence of pigment

44
Q

Cyanosis

A

blue color caused by decrease in blood O2 content

45
Q

Fingerprints are projections of the epidermis called what

A

dermal papillae

46
Q

What are the 2 types of hair

A

vellus hairs and terminal hair

47
Q

Vellus Hairs

A

short fine and uncolored

48
Q

Terminal Hair

A

thick pigmented hair

49
Q

Average rate of hair growth is what

A

0.3mm a day

may vary depending on location

50
Q

Arrector Pili Muscles

A

are smooth muscle that cause hairs to stand on end

51
Q

Eccrine glands produce what

A

sweat

they can be merocrine or apocrine

52
Q

The skin keeps the body cool through what

A

radiation and sweating

53
Q

What vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin thats exposed to UV light

A

Vitamin D

54
Q

Functions of Vitamin D

A

stimulates uptake of calcium and phosphate from intestines
promotes calcium and phosphate release from bones
reduces calcium loss from kidneys
increase blood calcium levels

55
Q

1st degree burn

A

only epidermis is damaged

56
Q

2nd degree burn

A

epidermis and dermis are damaged

57
Q

3rd degree burn

A

epidermis and dermis are completely destroyed and deeper tissues may be damaged

58
Q

What is the rule of 9’s

A

used to estimate amount of body that is burned

59
Q

The skin has an immune function in that it covers and protects the body from all sorts of what

A

antigens (bad things)

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (7 decks)

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