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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 3 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Basic unit of human life

A

cells

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2
Q

All chemical reactions that occur within a cell

A

metabolism

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3
Q

What are the characteristic functions of a cell

A 
cell metabolism
energy use 
synthesis of molecules 
communication 
reproduction
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4
Q

Intracellular

A

substances inside of the cell

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5
Q

Extracellular

A

substances outside of the cell

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6
Q

Glycolipids

A

combination of carbohydrates and lipids

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7
Q

Glycoproteins

A

combination of carbohydrates and proteins

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8
Q

Channel Proteins

A

one or more integral membrane protein arranged so that they form a tiny channel through the plasma membrane

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9
Q

Receptor Protein

A

membrane proteins or glycoproteins that have an exposed receptor site

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10
Q

The main components of the cell membrane

A

lipid bilayer composed of phospholipids and cholesterol, proteins extended across or are embedded in either surface of the lipid bilayer

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11
Q

Fluid Mosaic

A

the plasma membrane as being neither rigid nor static in structure

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12
Q

Open Channels (non gated)

A

responsible for the plasma membranes permeability to ions when the plasma membrane is at rest

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13
Q

Voltage Gated Channels

A

open when their is a change in charge across the plasma membrane

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14
Q

Ligand (gates channels)

A

open in response to small molecules that bind to proteins or glycoproteins

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15
Q

Ligand is a ____ and a ____

A

neurotransmitter and or hormone

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16
Q

Symporters

A

move two particles in the same direction at the same time

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17
Q

Antiporters

A

move two particles in opposite directions at the same time

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18
Q

What catalyzes chemical reactions on the inner and outer surface membrane

A

membrane embedded enzymes

proteins

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19
Q

Enzymes are ____ and ____ that basically control all the reactions and functions in your body

A

proteins and catalysts

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20
Q

Integrin

A

transmembrane receptors that are bridges for cell to cell and cell to extracellular matrix interactions

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21
Q

ATP powered pump

A

transport protein that require cellular energy to move specific ions or molecules from one side of the plasma membrane to the other

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22
Q

Diffusion

A

movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration in solution

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23
Q

What increases the rate of diffusion

A

viscosity concentration and density are factors that increase the rate of diffusion

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24
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion across a selectively permeable membrane

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25
Water flows towards areas of ______ concentration
higher
26
Facilitated Diffusion rate is dependent on what
the concentration of transport molecules
27
Sodium potassium pumps are a form of active transport because it needs what
ATP
28
Active transport pumps ion ______ the gradiant
against
29
Phagocytosis
"cell eating" solid particles are ingested and phagocytic vesicles are formed
30
Pinocytosis
"Cell Drinking" distinguished from phagocytosis because smaller vesicles form
31
Cytoplasm between the cell membrane and nucleus contain ______ & ______
cytosol and organelles
32
The cytoskeleton is made up of 3 groups of protein
microtubules, actin filament, and intermediate filaments
33
Microtubules help provide what to the cytoplasm
structure and support
34
Microtubules do what
transport intracellular material and are involved in cell division
35
Microvilli do not contain what
microtubules
36
Where are chromosomes located
the nucleus
37
Chromatin
unformed chromosomes
38
Nucleus makes ribosomal subunits from what
proteins & RNA
39
mRNA
messenger RNA
40
Smooth ER
endoplasmic reticulum without attached ribosomes, manufactures lipids
41
Golgi Apparatus
modification, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use
42
Lysosomes
digestion and removal of waste
43
Mitochondria
major site of ATP synthesis
44
The shaft of a flagellum contains a ______ doubles around its periphery see slide 57
microtubules
45
Centrioles
center for microtubule formation; also help divide cells and organize spindle fibers
46
Microvilli
a cylindrically shaped extension of the plasma membrane, each cell has many also increases cell surface area
47
Transcription
synthesis of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA molecules based on the nucleotide sequence in DNA
48
Translation
synthesis of a protein at the ribosome based on the sequence of the mRNA codons
49
Protein synthesis
the process by which individual amino acids are connected to each other in a specific order dictated by the nucleotides in DNA
50
RNA Polymerase
enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA
51
Codon
3 nucleotide sequence
52
Anticodon
consists of 3 nucleotides and is complementary to a particular codon of mRNA
53
Transfer RNA
(tRNA) carry the amino acids to the ribosome
54
Ribosomal RNA
(rRNA) protein synthesis
55
Messenger RNA
(mRNA) genetic information transcripted from DNA and taken to ribosome
56
In the cell cycle the S phase is
synthesis phase / DNA replication
57
In the cell Cycle the G1 phase is
first gap phase / routine metabolism
58
In the cell cycle the G2 phase is
second gap phase / preparation for division
59
Semiconservative Replication
2 copies that each contain an original strand and a new strand
60
Prophase
the chromatin condense to form mitotic chromosomes
61
Metaphase
the chromosomes align near the center of the cell
62
Anaphase
chromatids separate
63
Telaphase
nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes to form 2 nuclei
64
Cytokinesis
division of cells cytoplasm to produce 2 new cells | it begins in anaphase and continues through telophase
65
The 4 stages of mitosis are
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
66
How many mictrotubules does the shaft of the flagela contain
9

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (7 decks)

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