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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 3 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Basic unit of human life

A

cells

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2
Q

All chemical reactions that occur within a cell

A

metabolism

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3
Q

What are the characteristic functions of a cell

A 
cell metabolism
energy use 
synthesis of molecules 
communication 
reproduction
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4
Q

Intracellular

A

substances inside of the cell

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5
Q

Extracellular

A

substances outside of the cell

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6
Q

Glycolipids

A

combination of carbohydrates and lipids

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7
Q

Glycoproteins

A

combination of carbohydrates and proteins

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8
Q

Channel Proteins

A

one or more integral membrane protein arranged so that they form a tiny channel through the plasma membrane

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9
Q

Receptor Protein

A

membrane proteins or glycoproteins that have an exposed receptor site

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10
Q

The main components of the cell membrane

A

lipid bilayer composed of phospholipids and cholesterol, proteins extended across or are embedded in either surface of the lipid bilayer

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11
Q

Fluid Mosaic

A

the plasma membrane as being neither rigid nor static in structure

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12
Q

Open Channels (non gated)

A

responsible for the plasma membranes permeability to ions when the plasma membrane is at rest

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13
Q

Voltage Gated Channels

A

open when their is a change in charge across the plasma membrane

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14
Q

Ligand (gates channels)

A

open in response to small molecules that bind to proteins or glycoproteins

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15
Q

Ligand is a ____ and a ____

A

neurotransmitter and or hormone

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16
Q

Symporters

A

move two particles in the same direction at the same time

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17
Q

Antiporters

A

move two particles in opposite directions at the same time

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18
Q

What catalyzes chemical reactions on the inner and outer surface membrane

A

membrane embedded enzymes

proteins

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19
Q

Enzymes are ____ and ____ that basically control all the reactions and functions in your body

A

proteins and catalysts

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20
Q

Integrin

A

transmembrane receptors that are bridges for cell to cell and cell to extracellular matrix interactions

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21
Q

ATP powered pump

A

transport protein that require cellular energy to move specific ions or molecules from one side of the plasma membrane to the other

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22
Q

Diffusion

A

movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration in solution

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23
Q

What increases the rate of diffusion

A

viscosity concentration and density are factors that increase the rate of diffusion

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24
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion across a selectively permeable membrane

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25
Q

Water flows towards areas of ______ concentration

A

higher

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26
Q

Facilitated Diffusion rate is dependent on what

A

the concentration of transport molecules

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27
Q

Sodium potassium pumps are a form of active transport because it needs what

A

ATP

28
Q

Active transport pumps ion ______ the gradiant

A

against

29
Q

Phagocytosis

A

“cell eating” solid particles are ingested and phagocytic vesicles are formed

30
Q

Pinocytosis

A

“Cell Drinking” distinguished from phagocytosis because smaller vesicles form

31
Q

Cytoplasm between the cell membrane and nucleus contain ______ & ______

A

cytosol and organelles

32
Q

The cytoskeleton is made up of 3 groups of protein

A

microtubules, actin filament, and intermediate filaments

33
Q

Microtubules help provide what to the cytoplasm

A

structure and support

34
Q

Microtubules do what

A

transport intracellular material and are involved in cell division

35
Q

Microvilli do not contain what

A

microtubules

36
Q

Where are chromosomes located

A

the nucleus

37
Q

Chromatin

A

unformed chromosomes

38
Q

Nucleus makes ribosomal subunits from what

A

proteins & RNA

39
Q

mRNA

A

messenger RNA

40
Q

Smooth ER

A

endoplasmic reticulum without attached ribosomes, manufactures lipids

41
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

modification, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use

42
Q

Lysosomes

A

digestion and removal of waste

43
Q

Mitochondria

A

major site of ATP synthesis

44
Q

The shaft of a flagellum contains a ______ doubles around its periphery

see slide 57

A

microtubules

45
Q

Centrioles

A

center for microtubule formation; also help divide cells and organize spindle fibers

46
Q

Microvilli

A

a cylindrically shaped extension of the plasma membrane, each cell has many also increases cell surface area

47
Q

Transcription

A

synthesis of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA molecules based on the nucleotide sequence in DNA

48
Q

Translation

A

synthesis of a protein at the ribosome based on the sequence of the mRNA codons

49
Q

Protein synthesis

A

the process by which individual amino acids are connected to each other in a specific order dictated by the nucleotides in DNA

50
Q

RNA Polymerase

A

enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA

51
Q

Codon

A

3 nucleotide sequence

52
Q

Anticodon

A

consists of 3 nucleotides and is complementary to a particular codon of mRNA

53
Q

Transfer RNA

A

(tRNA) carry the amino acids to the ribosome

54
Q

Ribosomal RNA

A

(rRNA) protein synthesis

55
Q

Messenger RNA

A

(mRNA) genetic information transcripted from DNA and taken to ribosome

56
Q

In the cell cycle the S phase is

A

synthesis phase / DNA replication

57
Q

In the cell Cycle the G1 phase is

A

first gap phase / routine metabolism

58
Q

In the cell cycle the G2 phase is

A

second gap phase / preparation for division

59
Q

Semiconservative Replication

A

2 copies that each contain an original strand and a new strand

60
Q

Prophase

A

the chromatin condense to form mitotic chromosomes

61
Q

Metaphase

A

the chromosomes align near the center of the cell

62
Q

Anaphase

A

chromatids separate

63
Q

Telaphase

A

nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes to form 2 nuclei

64
Q

Cytokinesis

A

division of cells cytoplasm to produce 2 new cells

it begins in anaphase and continues through telophase

65
Q

The 4 stages of mitosis are

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

66
Q

How many mictrotubules does the shaft of the flagela contain

A

9

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (7 decks)

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