Chapter 4/5 Exam Adaptive Flashcards
When was the Sugar Act passed?
1764
What act followed the Sugar Act and what did it do?
The Currency act made colonial paper money void as a legal tender. This mandated gold and silver, which protected the value of transactions.
Who passed the Sugar Act?
Prime Minister George Grenville
Which acts came shortly after the Stamp Act?
Quartering Act, Declaratory Act when it was repealed.
What impact did Patrick Henry have?
In the house of Burgesses, he led firery orations against the Stamp Act
The Stamp Act unintentionally…
and inadvertently united the colonies. For example, the stamp act congress which 9/13 colonies attended. This also set the stage for Committees of Correspondence to be established by stressing the importance of intercolonial communication, which would later spread anti-tax sentiment.
When and why were “Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania” written?
During the fervor around the Townshend Acts, if referred to ideas from the enlightenment to argue that the colonies need to retaliate peacefully while also seeking reconciliation.
When did the daughters of liberty get involved?
Townshend
The Tea act was tragically ______ smugglers and wealthy merchants
undercutting
Who passed the Coercive/Intolerable Acts? What did they do?
Prime Minister Lord North
Ports are closed till tea is paid, expanded quartering, local government is eliminated
What was the Quebec Act and when was it passed?
The Quebec Act was one of the “Intolerable Acts.” It expanded Quebec’s boundaries to include the Ohio River Valley, which the colonists had hoped to settle. The act also tolerated Catholics, which fueled conspiracies.
When was the Stamp Act?
1765
When was the Townshend Acts?
1767
When was the Declaratory Act?
After the Stamp Act’s repeal
When was the Tea Act?
1773W
When was the Boston Tea Party?
December 16th, 1773
The court established for smugglers during the sugar was called an
admiralty court
Many people of the sons of liberty (who used fearmongering) were
Untethered - not part of a community or family. They were often impoverished, but led by very wealthy people.
Parliament’s justification for taxation
The empire was a sanctuary of liberty, where freedom thrived under the protection of the rule of law. Virtuous citizenry was valid, and colonials should show obedience to British laws, including taxes. This was crucial to maintaining order and liberty.
How did colonial assemblies maintain leverage during salutary neglect?
Taxation (which royal officials couldn’t do)
Paid for the royal official’s plans
Paid royal official’s salaries
The colonials believed that act was…
an attempt at monopoly that would spread to other products.
Why were redcoats no longer seen as a sign of freedom but a sign of annoyance?
The proclamation of 1763, the quartering act
3 Rebellions that happened in the 1700s and their dates and locations
Paxton boys: 1763 Pennsylvania
Carolina Regulators: 1760
Stono Rebellion: 1739 South Carolina to Florida
Abolition was removed from the Declaration of Independence due to lack of
empathy: when you don’t have diverse voices, bad decisions are made.`
What the Declaration of Independence does not say about rebellion and why was it removed?
What does it say instead?
Originally, there was a passage specifically blaming rebellions like the Paxton Boys and Carolina regulators on the King’s inability to prevent his colonies from descending into lawlessness.
It was removed because it would be interpreted to support rebellions and may offend people who are still on the fence.
Instead, Jefferson just blames the king that slaves and poor are rebelling, no specifics.
What the Declaration of Independence said about slavery and why was it removed?
The Declaration of Independence said that slavery was a cruel deed of Britain and must be abolished. Removed because states refused to sign if slavery was abolished.
Ny had an unsually ___ assembly
small
What were Cato’s letters?
written by Trenchard Gordon, criticized seditious libel arguing that everyone deserves the right to critique. His essays were republished by newspapers.
The writings of the _________ emphasized the importance of ensuring those with exec. power can’t shun out legislative bodies, helped assembly leaders negotiate with royal govenors
English county party
The Great Lakes Region/Ohio River Valley served as an area of _______ for British and French and 1st Nations people.
middle ground
Tribes like the Iroquois were masters of balance of power diplomacy…
They played the brits and french against one another in order to control the trade/economy of the region.
1 major skirmish of the 7 years war (washington)
George Washington tried to remove French forts in Pennsylvania, unsuccessfully. He returned to Fort Necessity, lost 1/3 of his men and surrendered.
Second skirmish of the 7 years war
General Braddock failed what Washington tried because he and his men were ambushed by the French and indians
In ____ Virginia gave 500,000 acres of land to the ____ _____, this was due to tight political connections.
1749, Ohio Company
to fund the wars England was engaged in (including the 7 years war) Brits imposed _____ ______
public expenditures
how did william Pitt end the seven years war?
He created a strategy to tear down France’s weak points while paying Prussia to hold off French troops in Europe.
What did the peace of paris 1763 entail
- France ceded Canada to Britain, Louisiana to Spain
- The British gave France profitable Sugar islands, Spain cuba & Philippines
- Spain gave florida to Brits
*Most Crucial, British got the majoirty of North America
What was a big consequence of the war regarding Pan-Indian-ness?
Many were shifting from kinship to nationality and pan-Indian ness, though still some rejected this ideology
How did the seven years war affect the Indians?
The French’s exit gave them more autonomy, but the prospect of British expanding was seen as a dire threat
What were the teachings of neolin and what did they inspire?
Neolin was a “prophet” who preached that all natives are a single people and need to reject British culture and influence. It inspired Pontiac’s Rebellion
What was pontiac’s rebellion?
Based off of the teachings of neolin, Pontiac’s rebellion was a response to British people encroaching on their land (the land they just “won”). Hundreds of Brits were killed, but the rebellion was defeated and forced to make peace.
What was a direct outcome of Pontiac’s Rebellion?
The proclamation of 1763, which prohibited British settlement west of the Appalachians
How did the Pennsylvania experiment collapse?
Scot-Irish people (Paxton Boys) from the town Paxton massacred Indians living under Pennsylvania’s protection. The governor went along and ordered the expulsion of the majority of Indians (Quakers had resigned from government before this)
What/When was the Albany Plan of Union and why was it unsuccessful.
1754 - Benjamin Franklin called for the colonies to come together and sign the plan of union to make a grand council. It was rejected by those wealthy assembly people because it would limit their power. Also only 3 colonies sent delegates.
Carolina Regulators!
People from North Carolina backcountry expressed lack of representation, taxes, corrupt officials. Eventually led to a battle in 1771 and were defeated by colonial militia.
Who sent the Olive Branch Petition and when?
The Second Continental Congress, after the battle at Lexington and Concord, final attempt at making peace.
Who wrote Common sense and why?
Thomas Paine, advocate for the “cause of America” and encouraged separation. I twas aimed at the general public
When did congress approve the declaration of Independence, written by thomas jefferson?
July 2nd, 1776
