Chapter 3 Exam Flashcards
Where did the Scott-Irish settle?
The backcountry
Scott-Irish Culture (3)
- Ferocity with locals (in this case natives)
- Calvinist
- Spontaneous religious expression in church
Calvinist: the belief in predestination
Where did the German Speakers Settle?
Backcountry of the Midatlantic region
German Speaking culture
- Pacifist
- Farmers
- Cultural deviance*
*Think of the Christmas tree scenario.
Influence of Scott-Irish in the New World.
2 points!
- Suspicion of government -> Questioning England’s rule.
- Predestination ideals.
Influence of Germans (2)
- German farming style was among the best in the world.
- Their unique cultural practices spread and they helped colonials adopt a cultural identitiy separate from England’s.
Where did the West Africans settle?
Mostly in the Southeast coastal plantations, but also spread out in the backcountry.
*Maroon communities formed in the BACKCOUNTRY.
Culture of the West Africans
3 points!
- Spontaneous religous expression in cemeronies.
- A syncretic religion
- Speech pattern
Syncretic religion: pieces of religion melded together.
Influence of the West Africans
2 major points, 1 minor point
- Southern accent
- Inspired the Scotts to worship the way they did.
- Influence music (violin + drums = banjo)
West Africans were not passive. They were actively involved!
Non-English people served as ____ in the backcountry. Why would they put up with this?
buffers. They may not have been the best treated group in the Americas, but economically there was much more opportunity to grow wealth and own land.
The English pushed non-english settlers to the back country to ….
Reserve coastal regions for themselves pale of settlement
Reasoning for Bacon’s rebellion
Bacon wanted exchange, not change. he wanted to be part of the elite, but Gov.Berkley favored his buddies over him: he couldn’t get up the ladder, so he wanted to overthrow Berkley.
Gov. didn’t help clear his land from natives, gave land to friends.
His rebellion careened out of ctrl because his supporters had a different cause (change).
2 Results of Bacon’s rebellion
- Slavery over servitude
- Elite begin consolidating their power and trying to improve their reputation.
Bacon died and the rebellion dissolved.
Why did the Maryland Protestant Association rebel?
The Glorious Revolution inspired them to want to overthrow their catholic proprietor: the Calvert family
The owner was Catholic, population was protestant.
The Maryland Protestant Association was led by John Coode.
What was the Glorious Revolution?
King James II admitted to being Catholic and was (non-violently) removed by parliment and replaced by his son-in-law, a Dutch named William of Orange.
Parliment gaining power even after lost civil war.
What was a result of the Maryland Protestant Association’s rebellion?
Maryland goes from a proprietary colony to a colonial assembly (democratic form).
Why did Jacob Leisler lead a rebellion in New York? What inspired him?
Defy the patroons and create a new system of democracy. The Glorious Revolution.
What was the outcome of Jacob Leisler’s rebellion?
He ended up being executed for tryanny, but his reforms stayed in New York.
General pattern in all colonial rebellions.
When people feel that they don’t have social mobility and/or voice and government, they rebel violently.
This is a practically universal phenomenon.
- What is anglicization
- What caused anglicization
- What was an outcome of anglicization
- Becoming more “english”
- Consumerism; most goods came from England.
- Everyone in the colonies had diminished barriers between each other (similar culture and possessions)
How did mercantilism shape the culture of the British Colonies?
Mercantilism advocated for tight ties between colony & mainland to ensure mainland reaps the wealth/benefits: Colonials bought and consumed tons of BRITISH goods, which diminished barriers!
The Navigation acts! Consumerism!
Why is the term triangular trade not accurate?
- Multidirectional/Intercolonial
- Dehumanization
Not a closed system!
A ship from a colony might sail to the Caribbean to purchase sugar, then to Africa to buy slaves, and finally back to New England to sell the slaves .
Why were all the colonies dependent on enslavement?
Foods they farm are sold to traffickers to feed their “property”
What was consumerism?
Economic system of people buying impractical stuff to look refined.
Refined: appearing successful through material goods.
Social mobility is uniquely ____ in the colonies, so ____.
fluid, so people are buying tons of impractical stuff to demonstrate how well off they are.
New England had the HIGHEST RATES of social mobility
2 founders of Massachusetts Bay
William Bradford (plymouth) and John Winthrop (Massachusetts Bay Colony)
Massachusetts Bay was a mercantile venture.
What was the Massachusetts Bay government like?
Covenant style, annual elections
covenant style meaning depended on the people’s promise/morality, elections when picking gov and church leaders.
What was the colonial makeup of Massachusetts bay?
Entirely English, expelled dissenters.
Pale of Settlement
What was the restoration?
After Oliver Cromwell died, the parlimentary rule dissolved and the monarchy was revived with King Charles II
Covenant Chain
The govenor of New York and the Iroquois nations allied to help each others interests.
Charter of Liberties (NY), who passed it and 2 things it included.
The Duke of York called an elected assembly which drafted a charter of liberties (trial by jury and freedom of worship for Christians)
The Yamasee Uprising (Where and why)
South Carolina, had huge debts from trading with colonists and raiding other tribes for them.
Fundamental Consitutions of Carolina.
Who passed it, what were its effects
Proprietors of Carolina, land rewards to immigrating families/slaveholders. Widepsread slavery made Carolina a very hierarchal society.
What did the Charter of Liberty rely on? (PA)
Virtuous Citizenry
Freedom to all Christians and personal morality (drinking, swearing)
Virginia law of 1662
Whether a child was free or enslaved dpenended on the race of the mother. It was now profitable to abuse enslaved women.
What did the Glorious revolution demonstrate? What important document was passed? What did it do?
That parliment was gaining power since they literally tossed out the king that was supposed to have “divine rights” and appointed a new one!! The English Bill of Rights gave parliment the power to control taxes and individual rights
How did the Glorious Revolution cause Jacob Leisler’s rebellion?
James II established the dominion of New England and appointed its govenor, but now that he was gone, the colonists were inclined to rebel and get rid of him as well as the patroons.
After the Glorious Revolution, Massachusetts became a ____ colony.
Royal
How did the English Civil War cause salutary neglect?
- Salutary neglect, weakened and occupied government that could not focus on the colonies, so the colonies learned to be autonomous.
How did the English Civil War cause the navigation acts?
During the Interregnum The first major navigation act was passed, indicating a shift to a colonial economy strictly tied to England’s
Who were german redemptioners?
Like indetured servitude but with families.
What was the new slave code?
The House of Burgesses created a new slave code that set white supermacy into stone (1705)
(1737) What was the walking purchase?
Pennsylvania govenor made a land agreement that he would get 36 hour walk worth of land, but hired a marathoner
When was the English Civil War?
1642-51
Why are proprietary colonies handed out a decade after the war?
Include a proprietary resotration colony!!
Proprietary colonies like the Carolinas (a restoration colony) were handed out to increase economic gain and political control over the colonies.
After the Civil War, England began a shift to a ____ monarchy which was further developed during the ______. How did this affect the colonies?
Consitutional monarchy, Glorious Revolution where parliment affirmed their epic powers. This affected the colonies because they would emulate these democratic desires in their own colonies, and become furious when they realize they are not able to participate adequately in this mainland government.
Who were lords of trade?
The Lords of Trade were a group of English officials tasked with overseeing colonial affairs during the dominion of New England.
What were the articles of capituation?
English ask the Dutcht o stay, keep making money. We’ll just change the name/flag.
Why did the Scott-Irish bring suspicion of government to the Americas?
Persecution and Discrimination: Under King Charles I and later King James II, the Presbyterian Scots were subjected to harsh laws and repression, exiled to Ireland.
