Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is subsistence farming?
Subsistence Farming is when you produce just enough to meet the needs of the family.
What is commercial agriculture?
Commercial agriculture is when larger amounts of crops are produced to make a profit.
Why did New England farmers practice subsistence farming?
Because of harsh winters and hard rocky soil
What were the two main industries of the New England colonies?
Shipbuilding and Fishing
What is the triangular trade?
It was a system in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and the American colonies
What was the name of the slave transporting leg of the Triangular Trade?
The Middle Passage
Where was the hub of the shipping trade in America?
New England because so many of the ships were built there and there was plenty of harbors for them to dock
What is a cash crop?
A cash crop is crops that could be sold in markets
What were the main cash crop in Virginia and Maryland?
Tobacco
What was the main cash crop in Georgia and South Carolina?
Rice
What did rice and tobacco have in common (why slaves were used to harvest them)?
Rice and Tobacco were very labor intensive crops
What is supply and demand?
Supply and Demand controls the prices of crops
What were the strict rules governing the behavior and punishment of slaves in the colonies?
It was called the Slave Codes and it stated that slaves couldn’t leave the plantations, that they were whipped for just minor offenses, and it was illegal to teach slaves how to read and write
How did England view the colonies economically?
England viewed the colonies as an economic resource
What was the main economic activity in all colonies?
Farming
How do you make money on trade?
You have to export more than you import
What was important about the Navigation Acts?
The Navigation Act was passed by England to restrict trade and make sure they made money
What established a limited government in the 13th century and inspired the U.S. Constitution?
The Magna Carta
Who was allowed to vote in the mid 1700’s in the colonies?
White Men who owned property
What was the religious revival that swept through the colonies?
The Great Awakening
What was the Enlightenment?
It was the belief that knowledge, science, and reason could improve society
What was the name of the book Benjamin Franklin wrote after being inspired by the Enlightenment?
Poor Richard’s Almanack
Who was the newspaper publisher that got charged with a crime for accusing the governor of New York of being corrupt?
John Peter Zenger
The John Peter Zenger Trial dealt with what personal liberty?
The Freedom of Press
Where is the land are that the British and French fought over because of the fur trade?
Ohio River Valley
What was the most powerful group of Native Americans in the East?
The Iroquois
Who was sent to tell the French to leave the Ohio River Valley and struck the first blow against the French?
George Washington
What is a militia?
It is a group of citizens trained to fight in emergencies
What did the Albany Plan of Union want to do?
They wanted one general government for the 13 colonies
What was the name of the political cartoon that encouraged the colonies to approve the Albany Plan of Union?
“Join or Die”
What was the name of the war between the French and British in Europe?
“The French and Indian War” or “The Seven Years War”
What is the name of the fort that the Cherokee burned down in modern day Tennessee?
Fort Loudoun
What was the most important victory for the British in the French and Indian War?
The Battle of Quebec
What did the the Treaty of Paris 1763 do?
It ended the French and Indian War and is the end of power in North America for the French
Who was the Ottawa chief who believed the British were threatening their way of life?
Pontiac
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?
It halted the western expansion by the settlers and the land west of the Appalachian Mountains was given to the Native Americans to appease them
Why were many colonists upset over the Proclamation of 1763?
Some of the colonists had already bought land west of the Appalachian Mountains and Britain was ignoring their claims and they weren’t going to get any of their money back
What were the two main cash crops of the Middle Colonies?
Wheat and Oates
Which colonial region was known for its diverse population of German and Scotch-Irish citizens?
The Middle Colonies
