Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is a group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity, and a culture?
Society
What is the total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group of peoples?
Culture
What is a specific group that shares a language, customs, and a common heritage
Ethnic group
What is it called to take existing resources and technology and create something new?
Innovation
What is the spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior?
Diffusion
What is a site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to many cultures?
Cultural hearth
What is it called when a society changes because it accepts an innovation?
Acculturation
What is a belief in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universe?
Religion
What is he number of live births per thousand population known as?
Birthrate
What is the average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime known as?
Fertility rate
What is the number of deaths per thousand people known as?
Mortality rate
What is the number of deaths among infants under age one per thousand live births known as?
Infant mortality rate
What is the birthrate minus the mortality rate of a population known as?
Rate of natural increase
What is a graphic device that shows sex and age distribution of a population?
Population pyramid
What are some reasons for migrating?
Push-pull factors
What is the average number of people who live in a measurable area?
Population density
What is the number of organisms a piece of land can support?
Carrying capacity
What is an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs?
State
What is a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity?
Nation
What is it called when a nation and a state occupy the same territory?
Nation-state
What is a political system where citizens hold power, either directly or through elected representatives?
Democracy
What is a ruling family headed by a queen or king that holds political power?
Monarchy
What is it called when an individual/group holds complete political power?
Dictatorship
Nearly all political power and means of production are held by the government in the name of all the people
Communism
Landlocked
A country surrounded by other land with no direct outlet to the sea
Urban geography
The study of how people use space in cities
Cities
Centers of business and culture
Suburbs
Political units touching the borders of the central city.
Metropolitan area
A city, it’s suburbs, and exurbs
Urbanization
The dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result
Central business district (CBD)
The core of a city based on commercial activity.
Economy
The production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people
Economic system
The way people produce and exchange goods and services
What is it called when production of goods and services is determined by a central government, which owns the means of production?
Command economy
What is the production of goods and services that is determined by the demand from consumers called?
Market economy
What are materials on or in the earth that have economic value?
Natural resources
What is the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going?
Infrastructure
What is the average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit?
Per capita income
What is the total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year or some other specified period of time?
Gross National Product (GNP)
What is the total value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time?
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
