Chapter 4

Question 1

Who was Roger Williams?

Answer 1

A puritan minister, said everyone should be kind to each other, became minister of church in Salem, New England banished him for treason, ran away and created Rhode Island

Question 2

Why was there so much religious tension in England?

Answer 2

Power (both political and spiritual), use of bible, concept of heaven, money, issues rotated often due to rotation of rulers

Question 3

What was the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 3

Started from Martin Luther in Germany, it spread to other countries, Henry VIII saw that this Reformation could allow him to break away from Rome and take over the church

Question 4

What was the English Reformation?

Answer 4

A series of events that attempted to constrict England to one religion ran by the government

Question 5

What is the Act of Supremacy?

Answer 5

A law that outlawed the Catholic Church and claimed that the king was the only supreme head in the Church of England

Question 6

What is Puritanism?

Answer 6

Had Calvinism teachings, predestination, wanted to purify Church of England

Question 7

What is predestination?

Answer 7

The belief that God knew everything and who would make it into heaven before the person was even born, and that work and good deeds can’t save you

Question 8

What was the “last straw” that drove many Puritans out of England?

Answer 8

Charles I took away parliament and started aggressive anti-Puritan policies

Question 9

What were separatists?

Answer 9

Extreme Puritans, said only visible saints could be church members, wanted to completely break away from the Church of England

Question 10

Who were the pilgrims and what happened to them?

Answer 10

A group of separatist led by William Bradford, got permission from the Virginia Company to settle on some land, created a joint-stock colony to fund the journey, ended up in the wrong spot but stayed there anyways

Question 11

What was the Mayflower Compact?

Answer 11

A list of rules made by the Pilgrims to ensure the group stayed in order, wasn’t a constitution but made a government of majority rule, led to male settlers meeting in town meetings

Question 12

Is the US/New England founded on the concepts of freedom of religion?

Answer 12

HA no

Question 13

Why were there less deaths in New England than in Jamestown?

Answer 13

Because in New England it was a community that worked together and didn’t focus on searching for gold

Question 14

What is the Covenant of Grace?

Answer 14

A rule between Puritan communities and God to make sure people were behaving

Question 15

What is the Social Covenant?

Answer 15

A rule between members of Puritan communities and each other, made everybody watch each other carefully, no tolerance for deviance or disorder

Question 16

How did some Pilgrims survive their first winter?

Answer 16

With fish, fur, lumber, and the help of Indians (Thanksgiving)

Question 17

What were 4 characteristics of New England Settlements?

Answer 17

1. Low Mortality -> average life expectancy was 70 yrs
2. No malaria helps survival rates
3. Mostly made of extended families
4. Mostly middle class and highly educated

Question 18

How did New Netherlands become New York?

Answer 18

Charles II gave land (New Netherlands) to his brother the Duke of New York, set up a battle just to see the Dutch walk away without a fight, renamed it New York

Question 19

What were some characteristics of the Quakers?

Answer 19

Refused to pay taxes that supported the Church of England, never met with a minister or priest for church, believed everyone was equal, Pacifists, no colors or jewelry

Question 20

Who was William Penn?

Answer 20

Got a grant of land from King to repay the debts he owed to William’s dad, he went and bought the Indian land, created a safe place for refugees called Pennsylvania which led to lots of religious diversity, Amish became popular

Question 21

What were some characteristics of Pennsylvania?

Answer 21

No slavery, No support for military, no rules on immigration, land of religious misfits, Blue Laws: no plays, dice, cards, excessive laughing, etc.

Question 22

Most important aspect of the New Colonies:

Answer 22

people came to make money, family groups were more stable than single dudes

Question 23

What was the MA Bay Colony

Answer 23

Non-separatists got a royal charter to make the MA Bay Colony, made to escape conservatives in England

Question 24

What was the Great Migration?

Answer 24

Tension in England sent around 70,000 Puritans to America, others came too

Question 25

What Puritan pressured colonists to view themselves like a city on a hill inspiring the rest of the world?

Answer 25

John Winthrop

Question 26

What caused the splintering of Puritanism?

Answer 26

Leaders had a hard time enforcing Puritan views, Puritans became increasingly more aggressive with their views, different views of God and religion caused tension

Question 27

What was the Halfway Covenant?

Answer 27

Meant for unconverted kids of saints, let them have church membership but they couldn’t baptize their kids, participate in communion, or have voting rights

Question 28

What 2 rules did the Navigation Acts make for governing colonial trade?

Answer 28

1. Goods shipped to and from the colonies had to be transported inside English ships with English crews
2. Listed colonial products that could only be shipped to England or other English colonies

Question 29

What was King Philip’s War?

Answer 29

Attacks on English Settlements led by Metacomet or King Philip, Indians killed so many settlers they gained back a lot of land, left New England with lots of war debts, a devastated frontier, and hatred towards Indians

Question 30

What did the King of England do when he found out the colonists were not behaving well?

Answer 30

took away the Massachusetts charter, started the Dominion of New England, the Dominion eliminated all land titles,