Chapter 12

Question 1

What was included in the Antebellum Movements?

Answer 1

-Intellectual and religious movements
-Social reforms
-Industrial Revolution in US
-New second party system
-More political democratization
-Increase in federal power
-Increase in American nationalism
-Further westward expansion

Question 2

Why was expansion justified in the US?

Answer 2

The manifest destiny and a combination of national pride, racial arrogance, and economic gain

Question 3

What were the push factors of moving west?

Answer 3

-Increased population
-Immigration increases
-Increased demand for land (for settling, agriculture, and animals)
-Adventure
-Religious Persecution
-Bad Economy from Andrew Jackson

Question 4

What were the pull factors of moving west?

Answer 4

-Almost limitless land
-Stories of natural resources
-Jobs (especially on the railroad)
-Patriotism

Question 5

What 4 changes fueled the economic growth of the 1840s and 1850s?

Answer 5

1. Americans moved from farms to cities
2. Factory workers increased to about 20% of labor force
3. Shift from water power to steam for energy raised productivity and cut costs
4. Agricultural productivity nearly doubled and increased the economic growth the most

Question 6

What was the American System in manufacturing and mechanization?

Answer 6

the practice of manufacturing and then assembling interchangeable parts

Question 7

Why were railroads so beneficial to the economy?

Answer 7

-Connected farmers to the rest of the country
-Propelled industries like iron and communications
-Sped up transportation speeds
-Lessend costs
-Served both farms and cities

Question 8

What was the free labor ideal?

Answer 8

A set of ideas that seemed to explain why the changes in society benefited some people more than others

Question 9

By 1860 many cities and towns had what?

Answer 9

public schools

Question 10

What was the manifest destiny?

Answer 10

The idea that Americans believed they were superior and had a God given right to settle across the continent

Question 11

Explain the Oregon Trail

Answer 11

-US and Britain split the territory Oregon along a line to share settlement space
-Settlers began to move for better economic opportunities, farming land, jobs, ect.

Question 12

Mormons

Answer 12

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, founded by Joesph Smith 1830. Smith dies–> angry mob 1844 Brigham Young moved them to Utah 1846

Question 13

Why was the Mexican-American War caused?

Answer 13

Because Texas became an independent country, Mexico still saw it as their territory, and the US tried to absorb the new country as their own territory which Mexico did not like

Question 14

When was the Gold Rush started?

Answer 14

In January 1848 when James Marshall discovered gold in the American River

Question 15

What ethnicity was discriminated against the most during the Gold Rush?

Answer 15

The Chinese because of their cultures and traditions

Question 16

What was the most famous battle in the Mexican American War?

Answer 16

The Battle of the Alamo

Question 17

What states did the US acquire from the Mexican American War?

Answer 17

Texas, California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of New Mexico and Arizona

Question 18

What common threads existed between the various reform movements?

Answer 18

All pushed for more inclusion whether for race, gender, or health. A majority were also created for the outcasts of society to find a community and make a platform for change.

Question 19

What were the successes of the reform movements in general?

Answer 19

The pushed for a better society. Between anti-drinking, less sexual sin, women’s rights, and less slavery, better morals and principles became a prime outcome of the movements.

Question 20

What challenges did the reform movements face?

Answer 20

Lots of controversy, fights/debates, and social norms being reluctant to change. It was also hard to face the government, especially when the majority of political figures at the time opposed the specific movement.

Question 21

What tactics did the various reform movements use?

Answer 21

Many of the reform movements used lectures, newspapers, petitions, and protests to show people how serious they were.

Question 22

What are some similarities between past reform movements and movements related to them today?

Answer 22

various answered accepted, check previous answer on graphic organizer